生产废水清液和二次凝水回用对燃料乙醇发酵的影响

为研究燃料乙醇生产废水回用的可行性,以燃料乙醇生产发酵过程中产生的清液和二次凝水为研究对象,分析其有机酸组成,并研究单一有机酸和经D318离子交换树脂处理前后的清液和二次凝水对酿酒酵母Saccharomyce cerevisiae NJ-2019生长和发酵生产乙醇的影响。结果显示,乙酸、乳酸、丙酸和柠檬酸是清液中的主要有机酸,乙酸和乳酸是二次凝水中的主要有机酸;乳酸和丙酸对酿酒酵母Sc.erevisiae NJ-2019的生长和发酵过程表现出显著抑制作用,其最低抑制浓度分别为7.0g/L和1.0g/L;清液和二次凝水分别直接回用时,清液对乙醇发酵过程的抑制作用更强;去除或者部分去除有机酸能使清液和二次凝水回用时的乙醇产量分别提高10.11%和9.85%。燃料乙醇发酵过程产生的清液和二次凝水具有回用的潜力,有利于实现乙醇生产过程节能减排。     

多不饱和脂肪酸与红冬孢酵母低温适应性的关系研究

以一株产油酵母——红冬孢酵母(Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae)YM25235作为出发菌株,分析其低温生长适应性与细胞膜流动性、膜脂脂肪酸含量的变化和多不饱和脂肪酸合成关键基因——Δ12-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因mRNA表达水平的关系.结果显示,YM25235在5～35 ℃温度条件下均能生长,最适生长温度为30 ℃.低温条件下细胞膜流动性明显降低,但是多不饱和脂肪酸质量分数由从30 ℃时的24.35%增加到15 ℃时的40.32%,而且15 ℃时Δ12-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因mRNA水平提高了3.4倍.结果说明低温条件下细胞膜流动性下降,导致多不饱和脂肪酸合成相关基因表达水平提高,使得细胞膜脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量增加,促进了菌株低温生长适应性.     

Polymer Photovoltaic Cells

Polymer photovoltaic cells （PPVCs） have attracted much attention recently because of its easy fabrication, low cost and possibility to make flexible devices. PPVC is composed of a conjugated polymer/C60 blend layer （photosensitive layer） sandwiched between a transparent ITO electrode and a metal electrode. When a light through ITO electrode irradiates on the photosensitive layer, the photons with appropriate energy will be absorbed by the conjugated polymer （CP） and excitons （electron-hole pair） are produced. The excitons move to the interface of CP/60 where the electrons transfer to the LUMO of C60 and holes leave on the HOMO of the CP. The separated electrons migrate through the C60 network to and are collected by the metal electrode, and the holes migrate through the CP network to and are collected by the ITO electrode, so that the photocurrent and photovoltage are attained.     

Synthesis of two new thiazolidines and their hepatoprotective effects

Two new 2-substituted thiazolidine-4（R）-carboxylic acids （TCAs）, 2-glusosaminal-TCA （GIcNH2Cys） and 2-N-acetyl-glueosanlinal-TCA （GlcNAeCys）, were synthesized. Their protective effects against liver toxicity induced by acetaminophen （APAP） were investigated in a mice model. The resuits demonstrate that administration of TCAs （ i. p. , 800 mg/kg） 30 min after APAP challenge efficiently decrease ALF, AST, and LDH levels in liver. GlcNAcCys shows the best proteetive eftects, decreasing ALT, AST and LDH levels to 63%, 18.4% and 37% of the APAP group respectively. Comparison with the control showed that APAP greatly decreases total sulfhydlyl （T-SH） levels （43%）, non-protein hound sulfhydryl （NP-SH） levels （50%） and total antioxidative capabilities （57%） in the liver 24 hr after challenge. TCAs treatments 30min after APAP challenge significantly elevate sulfhydryl levels and total antioxidative capabilities. APAP administration also markedly （P 〈 0.05） increases liver lipid peroxidation to 1.65 and 1.17 times that of the control 4 hr and 24 hr after APAP administration respectively. TCAs treatments can inhibit lipid peroxidation as measured by decreased malondialdehyde （MDA） contents in liver. The histopathological results also further confirm the hepatoprotective effects of TCAs. In conclusion, our data show that TCAs, GleNAcCys particularly, have hepatoprotective anti antioxidant etfects.     

视黄酸衍生物HX600c的合成改进

以苯和2,5二甲基-2,5-己二醇为起始原料,经付-克烷化、碘代、Ullmann反应、烷基化、还原、环合、水解等步骤得目标化合物视黄酸衍生物HX600c.目标化合物经过核磁共振氢谱,质谱等确证.该合成方法避免了异构体的产生,原料廉价易得.     

谢氏宽漠王无机元素和氨基酸组分的测定与分析

对谢氏宽漠王的18种无机元素和18种氨基酸组分进行了分析测定,结果表明:该甲虫含有12种必需微量元素,在样品中的总质量分数达826.93×10-6;蛋白质在样品中的质量分数为49.88×10-2,其中必需氨基酸在蛋白质中的质量分数为0.501.亮氨酸、缬氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸等含量十分丰富,缬氨酸含量突出,在样品中的质量分数高达10.32×10-2.本研究为谢氏宽漠王的组成成分研究提供了基本资料,为进一步探讨其利用价值提供参考.     

A parallel approach to direct resolution of albuterol

A library consisting of a series of O,O′-diaryzoyl-L-(–)-tartaric acids (2) was designed and synthesized. The substituent on the aromatic ring of 2 significantly affects the diastereomeric excess and efficiency of the resolution of racemic albuterol (1). Excellent resolving reagent 2a was selected for the resolution of rac-1 via the parallel approach. However, a family of three resolving reagents failed to improve the resolution efficiency of rac-1.     

七种卤乙酸在紫外辐照下的光降解行为(英文)

针对典型的氯消毒副产物卤乙酸,研究选取了7种卤乙酸,包括3种氯乙酸,3种溴乙酸和1种碘乙酸,研究其在紫外辐照下的光降解行为;并针对卤乙酸的类型和卤化程度,对比和分析了不同卤乙酸的光降解规律。结果表明:7种卤乙酸都能够被紫外降解,动力学研究结果显示,氯乙酸,溴乙酸和碘乙酸的光降解行为有很大不同,其中溴乙酸满足一级动力学模型。离子色谱检测分析了7种卤乙酸光降解过程中卤素离子的释放结果发现,碳卤键在紫外照射下发生了断裂,实现了脱卤和脱毒。为水中卤乙酸的高效去除提供了一定的技术参考和理论支撑。     

大鲵尾部鱼油的酶法提取工艺

以人工养殖大鲵鱼尾为原料,使用碱性蛋白酶水解法提取大鲵油.在加酶量、酶解时间、pH值、温度4个单因素实验的基础上,利用正交试验法优化了提取大鲵油的工艺条件.结果表明,较佳酶法水解条件为温度50℃,时间1 h,加酶量1.5%,pH值为6.所得粗大鲵油符合国家二级粗鱼油标准.粗大鲵油中共检测到16种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸占24.1%,不饱和脂肪酸为62.5%,其中DHA为4.7%,EPA为4.2%.     

不同部位灵芝及子实体提取物中总三萜酸含量测定

建立不同部位灵芝及子实体提取物中总三萜酸含量测定方法.灵芝样品用乙醇提取,依次经氯仿、5%碳酸氢钠萃取,酸化后再用氯仿萃取、浓缩至干,称重,即得灵芝总三萜酸量.结果:灵芝子实体总三萜酸为(8.58±0.25)mg/g,孢子粉为(3.48±0.03)mg/g,菌丝体仅为(1.75±0.09)mg/g;菌盖总三萜酸含量为(12.62±0.22)mg/g,菌柄为(7.66±0.08)mg/g.10批次灵芝子实体的总三萜酸含量范围为4.3416.39 mg/g.灵芝子实体提取物中的总三萜酸含量以醇-水提取物的最高为(208.70±5.54)mg/g;碱水提取物的最低,仅为(123.07±4.99)mg/g.HPLC初步分析子实体和孢子及子实体提取物间三萜酸成分大部分相同.本法适用于灵芝子实体及其提取物、灵芝孢子和菌丝体总三萜酸的含量测定,结果可靠,可为灵芝产品质量指标提供依据.