A high-resolution environmental change record since 19 cal ka BP in Pumoyum Co,southern Tibet

A 380-cm-long sediment core was acquired from the deep water area of Pumoyum Co, southern Tibet. Twenty-five plant residue samples were selected, and organic carbon stable isotopes were obtained using the AMS ¹⁴C chronological method. The ¹⁴C age and carbon reservoir effect were calibrated with surface sedimentation rate measurements using ²¹⁰Pb dating. Results showed that the core sediment deposited over 19 cal ka BP. Based on a multi-proxy analysis of TOC and IC contents, grain size and pollen assemblage data, the palaeoclimatic evolution of Pumoyum Co was reconstructed since the last glacial. Pumoyum Co was a shallow lake prior to 16.2 cal ka BP; although the glacier around the lake began to melt due to increasing temperatures, climate was still cold and dry. In the interval of 16.2–11.8 cal ka BP, the sedimentary environment fluctuated drastically and frequently. Two cold-events occurred at 14.2 and 11.8 cal ka BP, and these may correspond to the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas events, respectively. After 11.8 cal ka BP, Pumoyun Co developed into the deep lake as it is now. The lake water temperature was relatively lower at that time because of influx of cold water from glacial meltwater entering the lake. As a result, the multi-proxy indicators showed no sign of warm conditions. Comparisons between the sedimentary record of Pumoyum Co with that of other lakes of the same age in southern Tibet indicate a warmer climate following the last deglaciation influenced the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. These results imply that the southwest Asian monsoon gradually became stronger since the deglaciation during its expansion to the inner plateau. The glacial-supplied water of the lake responded sensitively to cold-events. The entire southern Tibet region was dominantly influenced climatically by the southwest Asian monsoon during the Holocene.     

分布式雷达超分辨成像的MUSIC方法

多重信号分类(MUSIC)方法已在单基地雷达的超分辨成像中得到较广泛的研究,然而将该方法直接应用到双/多基地形式的分布式雷达超分辨成像上,则会面临收发分置带来的散射信息解相关和波数相位分解等问题.为此利用三维空间平滑和双重线性插值对MUSIC方法进行了改进,给出了分布式雷达超分辨成像的最小信噪比显式表达及其快速计算公式,并据此分析了超分辨成像性能.仿真结果验证了这种基于收发分置形式的MUSIC超分辨成像方法的有效性.     

基于Beta过程的高分辨ISAR成像

对于高信噪比、完整回波、目标平稳运动等理想观测环境,现有成像技术已经较为成熟,可以获得聚焦良好的高分辨逆合成孔径雷达(inverse synthetic aperture radar, ISAR)像。但在实际中的方位回波缺损与低信噪比观测情况下,随机相位误差等因素会降低现有成像算法的性能甚至使其失效。本文首先建立了ISAR稀疏观测模型,并基于稀疏贝叶斯学习理论,通过引入Beta过程非参数先验构建层级概率模型,进而交替利用Gibbs采样及最大似然方法对ISAR像及随机相位误差进行估计。实验结果表明,所提方法在低信噪比、回波缺损等复杂观测环境下能够获得聚焦良好的ISAR图像。     

一种上下文集成的冲突处理方法

为了实现服务组合对环境的适应性,设计了能满足上下文动态集成的模型,并使用CC/PP的RDF创建P rofiles描述上下文。详细分析上下文集成中出现的冲突情况,定义优先级和效用因子,解决上下文集成中的冲突问题。结合原型系统进行测试,并给出了实验结果。研究结果表明:在不同的冲突策略情况下,该方法能在可接受的时间内解决冲突。     

货车移动遮断影响下的跟驰风险异质性建模

基于移动瓶颈理论和交通流理论构建“货车移动遮断”效应模型,解析货车移动遮断形成机理,选用无人机采集货车移动遮断场景中车辆行驶视频数据并提取高精度车辆跟驰轨迹样本,基于此提出考虑冲突可能性和冲突严重度的小客车跟驰风险评价方法和分级标准,利用RP-ORP模型构建了考虑异质性跟驰风险概率预测模型。结果表明：货车移动遮断动态影响交通流稳定性,其形成过程包括减速跟驰和加速超车两个阶段;考虑异质性的RP-ORP模型能实现特定条件下小客车跟驰行为处于不同风险等级的概率预测,且拟合优度高于FP-ORP模型高;货车纵向加速度、跟驰车头间距、跟驰持续时间、小客车与货车速度差、激进型驾驶员5个变量显著影响小客车跟驰风险水平,且跟驰持续时间和激进型驾驶员2个变量具有随机参数特性。     

一种改进小波变换相关法去除机载雷达图像斑点噪声的应用

针对高分辨率机载雷达图像进行相干斑抑制, 首先讨论小波变换的优点, 然后以小波变换为基础, 对一种方法进行复小波改进, 最后由实验结果可以看出使用该方法处理的效果好于其他方法.     

A Neuro‐wavelet Model for the Short‐Term Forecasting of High‐Frequency Time Series of Stock Returns

We propose a wavelet neural network (neuro‐wavelet) model for the short‐term forecast of stock returns from high‐frequency financial data. The proposed hybrid model combines the capability of wavelets and neural networks to capture non‐stationary nonlinear attributes embedded in financial time series. A comparison study was performed on the predictive power of two econometric models and four recurrent neural network topologies. Several statistical measures were applied to the predictions and standard errors to evaluate the performance of all models. A Jordan net that used as input the coefficients resulting from a non‐decimated wavelet‐based multi‐resolution decomposition of an exogenous signal showed a consistent superior forecasting performance. Reasonable forecasting accuracy for the one‐, three‐ and five step‐ahead horizons was achieved by the proposed model. The procedure used to build the neuro‐wavelet model is reusable and can be applied to any high‐frequency financial series to specify the model characteristics associated with that particular series. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient combination rule of Dezert-Smarandache theory

The Dezert-Smarandache theory （DSmT） is a useful method for dealing with uncertainty problems. It is more efficient in combining conflicting evidence. Therefore, it has been successfully applied in data fusion and object recognition. However, there exist shortcomings in its combination rule. An efficient combination rule is presented, that is, the evidence＇s conflicting probability is distributed to every proposition based on remaining the focal elements of conflict. Experiments show that the new combination rule improves the reliability and rationality of the combination results. Although evidences conflict another one highly, good combination results are also obtained.     

基于一种最优核鉴别矢量集的雷达目标识别

基于高分辨距离像的雷达目标识别的关键是如何提取距离像的有效鉴别特征.通过分析核Fisher准则函数下核类内散布矩阵的零空间信息与非零空间信息对识别的贡献,基于同构映射思想,求解出一组最优鉴别矢量集,用于提取距离像的鉴别特征.同时,给出一种快速算法,用较少的训练样本表达投影方向,加快了鉴别特征的提取速度.基于外场实测数据的实验证明了方法的有效性.     

核反应堆压力容器模拟钢中纳米富Cu相的变形特征

提高了Cu含量的核反应堆压力容器(reactor pressure vessel,RPV)模拟钢样品,经过880 cC水淬、660℃调质处理和400℃1000～4000 h的等温时效处理,观察到纳米富Cu相的析出;随后进行20%～30%冷轧变形,采用萃取复型(extractionreplica,ER)和高分辨透射电镜(high resolution transmission electron microscopy,HRTEM)的方法研究纳米富Cu相的变形特征.研究结果表明,镶嵌在α-Fe基体中的纳米富Cu相,在冷轧变形时的变形机制较为复杂,存在多种变形方式.当纳米富Cu相的晶体处于有利取向时,可以跟随基体一起发生滑移变形,表现为"软"颗粒的特性;当晶体处于不利取向时,会发生孪生变形,甚至诱发马氏体相变,有时生成"轮毂辐条"状的孪晶结构,大大提高了纳米富Cu相继续变形时的抗力,表现为"硬"颗粒的特征,因而析出纳米富Cu相会产生明显的强化作用.