AFM对TiN薄膜和聚酰亚胺微观结构的分析

论述了一种高精度的原子力显微镜AFM．IPC-208B型机在分子形态学方面的应用．以磁控溅射获得的TiN薄膜和普通的聚酰亚胺纤维为例,从原子力显微镜测得的三维图上探析该TiN薄膜的优先生长面及其在优先生长面上的原子排布和聚酰亚胺的表面形态．这种实验不仅鉴定了测试材料的微观形态,也充分肯定了该原子力显微镜原子量级的精度及其在微观结构领域的潜在发展,为该机应用于微加工领域奠定了基础．     

基于AFM推动的纳米棒建模与操作

研究了AFM推动作用下纳米棒的运动情况,引入了与速度相关的黏滞摩擦力,建立了纳米棒体的运动学模型.在运动学模型的基础上,针对AFM单探针及纳米环境操作不确定性问题,对AFM探针操作参数的设置进行了讨论,提出了虚拟纳米手Z字形稳定操作策略.仿真及实验结果表明:纳米棒的运动学模型能够实时预测推动操作后棒体的瞬心位置,虚拟纳米手Z字形操作策略能够将棒体的位置误差限制在规定误差范围内,实现了纳米棒的稳定、定姿态操作.     

表面陷光技术及其在太阳电池中的应用

采用各种表面陷光技术可以增强太阳电池表面的光吸收,由此能够提高太阳电池的能量转换效率.本文评述了采用表面织构、表面等离子增强效应、光子晶体、透明导电氧化物薄膜等表面陷光结构的光学特性,及其在改善太阳电池光伏性能方面的研究进展.指出了各自潜在的优势和存在的问题,并提出了未来研究的若干技术对策.     

掺溴PPA/掺溴纳米石墨复合材料的导电性能研究

通过对聚苯乙炔(PPA)进行溴蒸气掺杂,使其电导率比未掺溴时电导率提高了11个数量级.用热重、固体紫外光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了溴、石墨和PPA之间的相互作用.结果表明,掺溴纳米石墨含量较低时,溴对复合材料电导率提高起主要作用;掺溴纳米石墨含量较高时,掺溴纳米石墨对掺溴PPA的掺杂作用是复合材料电导率提高的主要作用;掺溴纳米石墨含量更高时,由掺溴纳米石墨直接相连所构成的导电网络对复合材料电导率提高起主要作用.     

锂离子电池非水电解液导电添加剂

从理论的角度分析了影响非水相锂离子电池电解液电导率的主要因素.论述了阳离子型、阴离子型和中性分子型等不同类型导电添加剂的研究进展、性能和作用机理,并提出了导电添加剂未来两个可能的发展方向.     

Flaking and degradation of polyurethane coatings after 2 years of outdoor exposure in Lhasa

The exposure of a high gloss polyurethane aircraft topcoat system with polyurethane intermediate coating and epoxy primer to strong ultraviolet radiation in Lhasa, Tibet was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Micro-flakes were found to form on the topcoat surface after exposure and the size and quantity of the flakes increased with the increase of the exposure time. The magnitude of micro-bulges and the topcoat roughness increased after a long exposure to sunlight. Flakes and micro-bulges resulted in the loss of the topcoat gloss. ATR-FTIR and XPS analysis indicated that chain scissions of the polyurea C==O group and the polyurethane C―O―C and CO―NH groups occurred, and the degradation products of NH and carbonyl groups formed due to the exposure. The breaking of the chemical structure of the polyurethane resulted in a decrease in its elasticity and in the adhesion of the flakes to its surface.     

Research on the reconstruction of fast and accurate AFM probe model

The AFM image will be distorted due to the tip-broadening effect. It may be mathematically represented as the effect of the tip’s convolution on the real image. As a result, the true geometry of the sample surface can not be obtained. If the tip shape could be known accurately, such distortion can be eliminated with the adoption of disconvolution operation. It is of practical significance in the accurate reconstruction of the AFM image. Among the current tip modeling algorithms, the blind tip estimation algorithm based on mathematical morphology is widely applied. However, it takes much time and has difficulties in defining the optimal noise threshold. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a new blind tip evaluation method to accelerate the speed of blind tip modeling calculation and realize the accurate reconstruction of the AFM image. The simulation and the experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the above research method.     

铜系水性丙烯酸电磁屏蔽涂料的制备

研制了一种以丙烯酸树脂乳液为基料、自制铜粉为导电填料的水性电磁屏蔽涂料,结果表明:当铜粉加入量为65%、漆膜厚度为125μm时,该涂料的表面电阻率为0.04?/cm2,在200 kHz～300 GHz频段范围内的电磁屏蔽效能最低为71 db.     

“石油无机成因说”的理论与实践

对石油的无机成因理论进行了评述,其中包括地幔脱气论、中地壳与费-托合成说、板块构造与费-托合成说.沥青、原油、干酪根的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素,原油及沥青中高含量的微量元素以及原油中的有机化合物均揭示了原油无机生成的科学依据,这是中国科学家对石油地质学的重大贡献.石油的无机成因理论是可以指导油气勘探的,并以辽宁义县-北票地区、苏南地区、鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起、四川松潘-甘孜褶皱带、柴达木盆地为例讨论了寻找大油气田的可能性.     

Recent development of peptide self-assembly

Amino acids are the building blocks to build peptides and proteins. Recent development in peptide synthesis has however enabled us to mimic this natural process by preparing various long and short peptides possessing different conformations and biological functions. The self-assembly of short designed peptides into molecular nanostructures is becoming a growing interest in nanobiotechnology. Self-assembled peptides exhibit several attractive features for applications in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, biological surface engineering as well as in food science, cosmetic industry and antibiotics. The aim of this review is to introduce the readers to a number of representative studies on peptide self-assembly.