Flaking and degradation of polyurethane coatings after 2 years of outdoor exposure in Lhasa

The exposure of a high gloss polyurethane aircraft topcoat system with polyurethane intermediate coating and epoxy primer to strong ultraviolet radiation in Lhasa, Tibet was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Micro-flakes were found to form on the topcoat surface after exposure and the size and quantity of the flakes increased with the increase of the exposure time. The magnitude of micro-bulges and the topcoat roughness increased after a long exposure to sunlight. Flakes and micro-bulges resulted in the loss of the topcoat gloss. ATR-FTIR and XPS analysis indicated that chain scissions of the polyurea C==O group and the polyurethane C―O―C and CO―NH groups occurred, and the degradation products of NH and carbonyl groups formed due to the exposure. The breaking of the chemical structure of the polyurethane resulted in a decrease in its elasticity and in the adhesion of the flakes to its surface.     

Research on the reconstruction of fast and accurate AFM probe model

The AFM image will be distorted due to the tip-broadening effect. It may be mathematically represented as the effect of the tip’s convolution on the real image. As a result, the true geometry of the sample surface can not be obtained. If the tip shape could be known accurately, such distortion can be eliminated with the adoption of disconvolution operation. It is of practical significance in the accurate reconstruction of the AFM image. Among the current tip modeling algorithms, the blind tip estimation algorithm based on mathematical morphology is widely applied. However, it takes much time and has difficulties in defining the optimal noise threshold. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a new blind tip evaluation method to accelerate the speed of blind tip modeling calculation and realize the accurate reconstruction of the AFM image. The simulation and the experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the above research method.     

铜系水性丙烯酸电磁屏蔽涂料的制备

研制了一种以丙烯酸树脂乳液为基料、自制铜粉为导电填料的水性电磁屏蔽涂料,结果表明:当铜粉加入量为65%、漆膜厚度为125μm时,该涂料的表面电阻率为0.04?/cm2,在200 kHz～300 GHz频段范围内的电磁屏蔽效能最低为71 db.     

“石油无机成因说”的理论与实践

对石油的无机成因理论进行了评述,其中包括地幔脱气论、中地壳与费-托合成说、板块构造与费-托合成说.沥青、原油、干酪根的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素,原油及沥青中高含量的微量元素以及原油中的有机化合物均揭示了原油无机生成的科学依据,这是中国科学家对石油地质学的重大贡献.石油的无机成因理论是可以指导油气勘探的,并以辽宁义县-北票地区、苏南地区、鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起、四川松潘-甘孜褶皱带、柴达木盆地为例讨论了寻找大油气田的可能性.     

石墨烯透明导电薄膜的研究进展

石墨烯是目前发现的唯一存在的二维原子晶体,在薄膜制备中具有很多优点,如高化学和机械稳定性、高透光率、良好的导电性、优异的柔韧性以及原料廉价等,因而被认为是制备透明导电薄膜最有前途的材料之一.文中主要针对单层石墨烯的制备以及石墨烯基透明导电薄膜的研究进展进行综述,并对其发展前景进行展望.     

基于AFM推动的纳米棒建模与操作

研究了AFM推动作用下纳米棒的运动情况,引入了与速度相关的黏滞摩擦力,建立了纳米棒体的运动学模型.在运动学模型的基础上,针对AFM单探针及纳米环境操作不确定性问题,对AFM探针操作参数的设置进行了讨论,提出了虚拟纳米手Z字形稳定操作策略.仿真及实验结果表明:纳米棒的运动学模型能够实时预测推动操作后棒体的瞬心位置,虚拟纳米手Z字形操作策略能够将棒体的位置误差限制在规定误差范围内,实现了纳米棒的稳定、定姿态操作.     

两株溶藻细菌对棕囊藻溶藻作用的原子力显微镜研究

细菌在赤潮生消过程中起着重要的作用.课题组从珠海赤潮发生海域采集的11株细菌中分离、筛选出2株具有显著溶藻效果的细菌.用原子力显微镜研究结果表明,2株细菌均属杆菌,形态明显不同,均可作用于球形棕囊藻,导致藻细胞破裂和胞内物质溶出而死亡,达到治理棕囊藻赤潮的目的.     

Recent development of peptide self-assembly

Amino acids are the building blocks to build peptides and proteins. Recent development in peptide synthesis has however enabled us to mimic this natural process by preparing various long and short peptides possessing different conformations and biological functions. The self-assembly of short designed peptides into molecular nanostructures is becoming a growing interest in nanobiotechnology. Self-assembled peptides exhibit several attractive features for applications in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, biological surface engineering as well as in food science, cosmetic industry and antibiotics. The aim of this review is to introduce the readers to a number of representative studies on peptide self-assembly.     

导电原子力显微镜在介质薄膜电流图像检测中产生的假像

对导电原子力显微镜在介质层电流图像检测中存在的假像进行了研究。发现这种假像归因于导电探针针尖较大的直径,其大小与被检测样品表面的缺陷点、漏洞、沟穴大小相关。研究表明,为提高图像分辨率,避免检测过程中存在的假像,需要使用具有纳米直径针尖的超尖导电探针。     

正交试验法优化导电聚吡咯驱动器制备工艺参数

导电聚合物具有广泛的应用前景,为制备出高性能的导电聚合物驱动器材料,现采用正交实验法对导电聚吡咯(PPy)的制备工艺参数进行优化,其中以吡咯为聚合单体,聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)为基材,双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(Li+TFSI-)为掺杂剂,通过磁控溅射—电化学沉积方法制备获得三层结构的聚吡咯驱动器材料.以1 V,2 V驱动电压下的位移大小为考察指标,采用正交试验法分析制备过程中电流密度、吡咯浓度、聚合时间及温度等因素对驱动器材料位移性能的影响.试验结果表明:对制备PPy位移性能影响的最大的因素是电流密度,最佳工艺参数组合为:A3B1C3D2.即电流密度可选择为0.15 mA/cm~2,吡咯浓度为0.1 mol/L,聚合温度由于影响不大可采用-25~-35℃之间的温度,聚合时间可选10 h.