Characteristics of carbonate gas pool and multistage gas pool formation history of Hetianhe gas field, Tarim Basin, Northwest China

<正> Hetianhe is a big carbonate gas field which isfound and demonstrated in the period of "Chinese NationalNinth 5-Year Plan". The proved reserve of Hetianhe gas fieldis over 600 ×10⁸ m³. Its main producing layers are Carbon-iferous bioclastic limestone and Ordovician carbonate com-posed of buried hill. The former is stratified gas pool withwater around its side, and the latter is massive gas pool withwater in its bottom. The gases in the gas pools belong to drygases with normal temperature and pressure systems. Basedon the correlation of gas and source rock, the gases aremainly generated from Cambrian source rocks. According tothe researches on source rock and structure evolution, andthe observations on the thin section to reservoir bitumen andthe studies on homogenization temperature of fluid inclu-sions, the gas pool has been identified and divided into threeformation periods. The first is Late Caledonian when the oilgenerated from the Cambrian source rocks and migratedalong faults, as a form of liquid facies into Ordovician carbonate res-ervoir and accumulated there. After that, the crustuplifted, the oil reservoir had been destroyed. The second isLate Hercynian when condensate gases generated from theCambrian source rocks and migrated into Ordovician res-ervoir, as a form of liquid facies. Since the fractures hadreached P strata, so the trap might have a real poor preser-vation condition, and the large-scale gas pool formation hadnot happened. The third gas reservoir formation period oc-curred in Himalaya. The fractures on both sides of Hetianhegas field developed violently under the forces of compression,and thus the present fault horst formed. The dry gases gen-erated from Cambrian source rocks and migrated upwardsas the form of gas facies into Ordovician and Carboniferousreservoirs, and the large gas pool as discovered at presentwas formed finally.     

微重力条件下气／液两相流压降实验研究

利用俄罗斯IL-76失重飞机对微重力条件下方形截面管道内的水/气两相流压降进行了实验研究．利用本次微重力气／液两相流压降实验结果对一些目前常用的基于地面常重力实验结果的两相流压降预测模型(均相模型、Lockhart-Martinelli—Chisholm模型和Friedel模型)在微重力条件下的适用性进行了评估．比较发现,均相模型和Lockhart-Martinelli—Chisholm模型预测结果和实验数据差异很大;而Friedel模型的预测结果尽管也与实验数据有着明显的差别,但在这些模型中是误差最小的．因此,可以利用Friedel模型来对微重力气／液两相流压降进行初步预估,而新的、更精确的模型将依赖于更有物理意义的分析方法及不同重力条件下气／液两相流压降实验的结果．     

高丰度硅-28同位素的分离技术

同位素纯硅片具有特殊的物理性质,在信息技术领域有着非常广阔的应用前景。为获得高丰度28Si,利用国产的高速气体离心机,选择SiF4作为分离的工作介质,对硅同位素进行了离心分离实验。通过单机分离实验,调整气体离心机的有关参数,摸索出适合级联分离的单机参数,同时得到气体离心机分离硅同位素的单位质量数的全分离系数γ0。利用由4台离心机组成的级联,经过6个阶段的分离,得到了28Si丰度达到99.5%的样品。实验结果表明,离心法分离硅同位素是完全可行的。     

生物脱臭技术研究

污水厂在处理城市污水的过程中,产生大量脱水污泥,对这些污泥的无害化、资源化处理是可持续发展的重要研究课题,而利用脱水污泥和粉煤灰制造轻质骨料是最重要方法之一,但脱水污泥在高温烘干过程中会有一些恶臭物质随水分蒸发出来污染环境,采用生物技术对其进行脱臭处理,不仅处理方法简单、经济、无二次污染,而且使恶臭污染得到控制.     

气固两相流风洞内颗粒运动特性研究

对气固两相流风洞试验段的两相三维流场进行了数值模拟。对于两相流采用欧拉双流体模型,计算时选取标准k-ε两方程模型。模拟结果表明：试件迎风面和背风面颗粒浓度较大,但背风面粒子分布梯度随流速变化更明显;背风面区域由于重力作用,粒径越大的颗粒沉积越显著;试件迎风面颗粒沉积总量受粒径和流速的影响较大,但背风面沉积量受到的影响不明显。研究结果有助于分析两相流风洞中的流动特征,并能根据颗粒分布情况合理采取回收措施,为进行砂尘环境试验提供参考。     

电厂湿法烟气脱硫过程优化控制研究

深入研究了具有混杂系统特性的电厂湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)过程的优化与控制问题;运用混合逻辑动态的建模方法(Mixed Logical Dynamic)建立了WFGD过程的MLD模型,基于MLD模型的预测控制方法把WFGD过程优化问题转化为实时求解混合整数规划(MIQP)问题,实时给出了WFGD过程优化运行的连续决策变量(吸收塔浆液的PH值设定)和离散决策变量(循环浆液泵开启台数)的最优解;用同样方法实现WFGD过程基础回路级中具有非线性动态的PH对象的控制;仿真表明基于MLD模型预测控制方法很好地解决了WFGD过程的优化与控制问题。     

城市固体垃圾热解设备与特性研究

针对无筛分城市垃圾热解的实用技术进行了研究,开发出内热源和外热源联合使用的垃圾热解设备.同时对设备的温度变化、垃圾热解特性、产气规律以及影响热解气热值的主要因素等进行了详细的分析.结果表明:实用热解设备的产气率高,理想热解温度在700℃以下.垃圾热解气中H2的体积分数达15.2%,C2H4,C2H6,C3H6和CH4的体积分数总和是10%,热解气的平均热值为7546.4 kJ/m3.设备运行稳定且温度特性满足设计要求.     

气相色谱法分离和分析失水山梨醇

用气相色谱法分离和测定失水山梨醇各组分的相对含量.试样先用硅醚化试剂硅醚化,生成易挥发、低极性的三甲基硅醚衍生物,气相色谱分析使用柱内填充5%OV-17的101白色担体,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,检测温度260℃,汽化室温度270℃,柱温240℃,载气为氮气,氢气压力为0.05 Mpa,空气压力为0.1 Mpa.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

尾巨桉木材苯/醇提取物成分的气相色谱/质谱分析

采用混合溶剂萃取法从新鲜尾巨桉木材中提取低分子量成分,并用气相色谱/质谱法联机分析技术,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。共分离出42个峰,并从中鉴定出30个化合物,占总峰面积的87.88%。主要成分为1,2-邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(17.53%)、1,2-邻苯二甲酸双(2-甲丙基)酯(cas)(8.48%)、二丁基酞酸盐(8.12%)、丁二酸-甲基-双(1-甲丙基)酯(7.02%)、乙二酸双(2-甲丙基)酯(cas)(6.89%)、2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基-鲨烯(4.53%)、十六酸乙酯(cas)(3.77%)、2-异丙基-1-甲烷基萘(2.97%)、二十六烷(2.63%)、己二酸双(2-乙己基)酯(1.98%)、二十八烷(1.93%)、鹿尾草碱(1.90%)等。