谨防术语翻译的“张冠李戴” ——以航海术语翻译为例

译者先入为主,将不熟悉的某一领域的术语翻译成熟悉的另一领域的术语或一般用语,这种错误定位,是术语翻译中常见的问题之一。翻译术语前译者必须意识到术语所属领域,然后尽可能选择语义对等的目的语术语。否则,译语的行外话会影响语言交际。     

基于压缩感知的实时在线目标追踪

在正负样本区域随机抽取了不同尺度下图像的局部二值模式(LBP)特征,将高维的特征信息投射到低秩的压缩域,并据此建立了表观模型.使用一个随机稀疏测量矩阵来压缩前景和背景目标.将追踪问题转化成为了一个使用朴素贝叶斯分类器的二元分类问题.所提方法可以较快速、实时地在线追踪目标,同时解决了目标尺度变化、遮挡问题.     

Functional and physical communication between oncoproteins and tumor suppressors

The discovery of oncogenes (c-onc’s) and tumor suppressors (TS’s) has led to the concept that cancer arises from defects in each of these classes of genes or their products. More recently, it has been appreciated that c-onc and TS proteins often affect one another’s functions. Within this context, I review the two classical TS’s, p53 and the retinoblastoma protein, and the consequences of their inactivation. The various forms of genomic instability (GI) that underly the high mutation rates of transformed cells are then discussed. Particular emphasis is placed upon the concept that GI is not only an integral part of the transformed state but is a prerequisite. Increased oxidative DNA damage, and/or an inabiliy to repair it, can lead to GI. The review then discusses recent observations showing that loss of the TS protein peroxiredoxin 1 (prdx1) and increased expression of the c-onc protein c-Myc, each leads to increased oxidative DNA damage. The critical nature of the c-onc-TS interaction is underscored by that occurring between prdx1 and c-Myc, with the former protein regulating the production of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species by the latter. The intimate association between these proteins and others serves as a paradigm for the exquisite balancing act that c-onc’s and TS’s must maintain in order to properly control normal DNA replication and cellular proliferation while simultaneously minimizing the acquisition of potentially neoplastic mutations. Received 10 May 2005; received after revision 3 July 2005; accepted 19 July 2005     

Compensatory caspase activation in MPP+-induced cell death in dopaminergic neurons

Many have hypothesized that cell death in Parkinsons disease is via apoptosis and, specifically, by the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. We tested this hypothesis using a mouse dopaminergic cell line of mesencephalic origin, MN9D, challenged with the Parkinsonism-causing neurotoxin MPP⁺ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion). Apoptosis was the main mode of cell death when the cells were subjected to MPP⁺ treatment under serum-free conditions for 24 h. Caspase-3 and caspase-9, however, were not activated, thus indicating the existence of alternate or compensatory cell death pathway(s) in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Using caspase inhibitors, we demonstrated that these pathways involve caspase-2, –8, –6 and –7. A time-course study indicated that activation of caspase-2 and –8 occurred upstream of caspase-6 and caspase-7. Upon MPP⁺ challenge, the apoptosis-inducing factor was translocated from the mitochondria into the MN9D cytosol and nucleus. These results suggest the existence of alternative apoptotic pathways in dopaminergic neurons.Received 20 September 2004; received after revision 5 November 2004; accepted 22 November 2004     

马克思主义中国化动力机制研究的困境及出路

由于在理论形态和实践形态、学术形态和政治形态以及原初语境和运行语境等问题上存在模糊认识,我们在马克思主义中国化动力机制的研究过程中陷入了极为严重的研究困境之中;要摆脱这种研究上的困境,就必须进行马克思主义中国化动力机制研究的理论创新、实践创新和方法论创新。     

Iris软件在计算机网络教学中的应用

介绍了Iris软件的功能和特点,并通过实例阐述其在计算机网络教学中的具体应用。实践证明以该软件辅助计算机网络教学可收到良好的教学效果,值得应用和推广。     

《剑桥中华人民共和国史 1949--1965年》质疑

麦克法夸尔与费正清主编的《剑桥中华人民共和国史1949—1965年》基于其特殊的历史观和研究方法,依据“王朝循环”的理论,从政治学角度将中国几千年的历史看成一个延续不断的整体,新中国的历史在他们眼中自然就成为了封建王朝史的延续,不仅逻辑上说不过去,在情感层面和理论层面也是为新中国历史研究工作者所难以接受的。     

中国汉画像石与古埃及石刻艺术的比较

汉画像石艺术是我国汉代独特的艺术形式,对我国后来的艺术产生过很大的影响。古埃及石刻艺术在世界上也独具艺术魅力。总结他们的艺术表现手法及特征,我们发现,虽然我国汉代画像石刻艺术与古埃及石刻艺术相差千年,但他们的表现手法及艺术特征有很多极其相似之处;而且形成这些艺术的社会背景、宗教思想也有着一些相似的地方。当然它们的不同之处也有很多,本文就此进行分析比较。     

劳动者信息素养与大学计算机教育

本文阐述了人类信息素养和高校计算机教育的内涵,分析了两者的关系和它们对现代劳动者的意义。从培养学生信息素养方面探讨了目前高校计算机教育中存在的问题,并提出了改革的方向性建议。     

热预处理对细胞分裂效率的影响

以发酵酵母为研究对象,采用超声波空蚀和高压均质方法对细胞进行机械细胞分裂,研究了热预处理对微生物细胞分裂效率的作用。结果表明：酵母悬浮液的温度经热预处理从室温（22±1）℃上升到40-50℃时,达到相同程度的细胞分裂效率所需的能量降低了;当酵母悬浮液的温度经热预处理上升到50℃时,蛋白质浓度达到最大值,蛋白质发生变质的热预处理温度≥52℃。