Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

A new method to dynamically simulate groundwater table in land surface model VIC

Soil moisture plays an important role in water and energy balance in land-atmospheric interaction, but is impacted directly by the groundwater table. Dynamic variation of the groundwater table can be described mathematically by a moving boundary problem. In this paper, the moving boundary problem is reduced to a fixed boundary problem through a coordinate transformation. A new model of groundwater table simulation is developed using the mass-lumped finite element method and is coupled with the land surface model of Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC). The simulation results show that the new model not only can simulate the groundwater table dynamically, but also can evade the choice of water table depth scale in computation with a low computation cost.     

Isotopic evolution of the terminal Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian carbon cycle on the northern Yangtze Platform, South China

Profound geotectonic, climatic and biological changes occur during the terminal Neoproterozoic and its transition into the early Cambrian. These are reflected in temporal variations of the chemical and isotopic composition of seawater. We are studying a sequence of sedimentary rocks at the Shatan section, northern Yangtze Platform, Sichuan Province of China. This succession comprises, in ascending stratigraphic order, predominantly calcareous sediments of the Sinian upper Dengying Formation and black shales of the lower Cambrian Guojiaba Formation (time equivalent of Niutitang Fm.). Paleoenvironmental setting represents shallow-water shelf deposits. The objective of our study is to provide temporal records for the isotopic compositions of organic and carbonate carbon throughout this time interval. Organic carbon isotope values display a range between -35.8‰ and -30.1‰ with clear stratigraphic variations. Carbonate carbon isotope data vary between -3.5‰ and +0.5‰. These secular variations are interpreted to reflect perturbations of the global carbon cycle, specifically changes in the fractional burial of organic carbon. However, local conditions have further affected the isotopic signals.     

Structural and Chemical Diversity of TI-Based Cuprate Superconductors

The first TI一based euprate supereonduetor,TI一Ba-Cu一(),was diseovered by 2.2.Sheng and A.M.Hermann仁1〕. TI beeomes supereondueting at 2.38 K.NumerousTI eompounds and alloys are supereondueting.TIMo6Ses has the highest transition temperature of1 2.2 K among all non一euprate Tl eontaining alloyand eompound supereonduetors.Before thediseovery of the euprate supereonduetors,some TIeontaining oxide supereonduetors were found,among whieh TI。.3W()3 has the highest transitiontemPerature,2.14 K. Sinee the diseovery of TI euPratesuPereonduetors,two distinet families have beenidentified.Soon after the diseovery of TI一Ba一Cu-(),supereonduetivity was eonfirmed in TI一Ba一Ca-Cu一()samples.The ehemieal eompositions anderystal struetures of those eompounds were workedout as T12BaZCu()6,T12BaZCaCuZ()。,andT12BaZCaZCu3OI。[2〕.This 15 the first family of TIeuPrate supereonduetors,whieh features two TIatoms in eaeh ehemieal formula.     

兰州北山生物结皮中陆生藻种类组成与群落结构

通过对沙井驿、刘家堡、九州台、白塔山、小牛圈沟等样点采集的生物结皮样的培养和鉴定 ,研究了兰州市北山生物结皮中陆生藻种类组成及其群落结构 .结果发现 ,该地陆生藻共计 5 3种 ,其中蓝藻 34种 ,绿藻 7种 ,硅藻10种 ,裸藻 2种 .蓝藻中以丝状种类占优势 (6 5 % ) ,绿藻中仍以球状种类居多 (5 7% ) ,但也有不少丝状个体(43% ) .黄土结皮以非洲席藻为第一优势种 ,石崖表具鞘微鞘藻占绝对优势 ,人工草丛中小球藻最丰富 ;种类数在砾质黄土中最多 (2 3) ,黄粘土中最少 (16 ) .     

新疆雪莲的化学成分、药理作用及其临床应用

综述新疆雪莲在化学成分、药理学及临床方面的研究．通过对其多糖、黄酮、生物碱以及黄酮苷，愈创内酯、挥发油、微量元素、氨基酸等主要成分对应的药理作用的综述，介绍其在临床上作为民族药在抗炎镇痛、抗旱孕、抗衰老及抑制癌细胞增生等方面的应用前景．     

OCCL编译器中符号表的研究及设计

OCCL是笔者做的一个新型ANSIC编译器，文中介绍在前人的工作基础上，笔者用哈希表———层次独立对应法以及最迟分配初始化法对OCCL的符号表进行设计。最终结果使编译器的时间开销得到缩减，提高了性能。     

基于现场可编程器件的全数字成形滤波器实现

研究全数字基带成形滤波器的实现．根据数字通信中的基带传输原理，分析基带传输中成形滤波的必要性和几种常见实现方法的优缺点．选择了其中的查表法，并通过采用基于现场可编程门阵列器件的硬件描述语言，对该方法进行了全面的仿真和分析．采用该技术实现的全数字成形滤波器可以针对不同速率及指标在系统中方便地进行修改．符合未来数字通信软件化的趋势，在软件无线电中有广阔的应用前景。     

两种药用植物叶的营养成分和药用价值分析

本文对豆腐柴、杜仲两种药用植物叶的营养成分含量和氨基酸的组成、营养价值进行了研究评价,并对两种植物的药用价值进行了分析,为更好的开发利用这两种资源植物提供科学依据.     

B/S模式智能考试系统的研究与设计

文章给出的考试系统模型采用浏览器/服务器模式，提供了用户信息管理、试题库信息管理、在线联机考试和公共站点管理四大功能模块，具有强大的试题库建设管理、智能组卷、综合智能评价和学习指导等功能，学科通用性强，是改革传统考试形式和实现考试系统智能化控制的一种新的探索。