Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Coated Silicon Nanoparticle as Anode Material for Li-ion Batteries

Silicon has been regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for Li-ion batteries. Its theoretical capacity （4 000 mAh/g） is much higher than that of the commercialized graphite （372 mAh/g）. However, the cycle performance of silicon is poor due to the severe volume expansion and shrinkage during Li^＋ insertion/extraction which results in pulverization of Si particles, eventually losing its Li^＋ storage ability. To solve this problem, nanosized Si particles were utilized and achieved a partial improvement by reducing the absolute volume change. Nevertheless, a new problem was encountered with nanosized material that small Si particles were aggregated to be larger one during Li^＋ insertion/extraction, and then pulverized again. In this work, we have succeeded to improve the cycle performance of nanosized Si particles by synthesis of carbon coated silicon nanopartiele.     

具有纳米质点性质的MFI型硅沸石微细晶粒的合成及表征(英)

分别以白炭黑（Ⅰ）和硅溶胶（Ⅱ）为硅源，在（TPA）2O－Na2O－SiO2－H2O体系（TPA为四丙基铵）中，反应温度为60℃，合成了高结晶度纯硅沸石．用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）法测得的晶粒大小分别为0．20μm（Ⅰ）和0．45μm（Ⅱ）；用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）线宽法测得的晶粒大小为0．02μm．与高温（180℃）合成的硅沸石样品相比较，低温合成的微细晶粒硅沸石样品已具备纳米级材料的若干特性．微细晶粒硅沸石的正己烷吸附量和比表面都非常大．XRD谱，红外吸收光谱（FT－IR），29Si魔角固体核磁共振（29SiMASNMR）和热重分析（TG／DTG／DTA）的研究证明，微细晶粒硅沸石的结构破坏温度和单斜／正交对称性相转变温度明显地比高温合成的硅沸石低，硅羟基缺陷也明显地增加．0．20～0．45μm的微细晶粒硅沸石的比表面几乎与胶体质点相同，它的外表面积达100m2／g，中孔容积为0．10～0．12ml／g，平均孔径为2．6～2．7nm．这表明微细晶粒硅沸石实际上是纳米质点的结合体．     

CO2活化温度对碳气凝胶超级电容器性能的影响

通过改变间苯二酚、甲醛和碳酸钠的配比,实现对碳气凝胶材料孔结构的控制.通过改变CO_2活化的温度,研究活化温度对碳气凝胶孔结构和电化学性能的影响.利用氮气吸脱附实验(BET)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料的孔结构和表面形貌进行表征分析,运用循环伏安法(CV)、恒流充放电等技术对材料的电化学性能进行测定.结果表明:提高CO_2活化温度有利于改善材料的结构和性能,当CO_2活化的最高温度为1 000℃时,碳气凝胶具有最高比表面积(2 201m~2/g);在6mol/L的KOH溶液中,当电流密度为1A/g时,相应的比电容可达190F/g.     

Microstructural evolution of hybrid aluminum matrix composites reinforced with SiC nanoparticles and graphene/graphite prepared by powder metallurgy

The dispersion of ceramic nanoparticles is of significance to the microstructure and properties of particulate reinforced metal matrix composites.In this study,two hybrid enhancers,SiC-graphite and SiC-graphene nanosheets(GNSs),were incorporated into aluminum matrix composites using powder metallurgy.The dispersion of the reinforcements and microstructural evolution of the composites were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy,X-Ray Diffraction,Transmission Electron Microscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.The results show that thin GNSs accelerated the deformation of the aluminum particles,and defects were introduced into the carbonaceous phases during the ball milling process.Al_4 C_3 needles generated during hot pressing,and were observed to bridge the aluminum grains.Compared with graphite,GNSs were more uniformly dispersed throughout the composite,which in turn restrained grain growth.As a result,a nanostructured composite(57.7 nm) was successfully produced upon the addition of SiC-GNSs.     

明胶辅助Cd1-xZnxS纳米粒子的绿色合成

采用对环境友好的明胶作为包覆剂及形貌控制剂，室温下在水凝胶中制备了CdS、ZnS以及Cd_1-xZn_xS(0<=x<=1)固溶体的纳米粒子。利用X射线衍射（XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱 (UV-Vis)、荧光光谱（PL)对所得产物进行了表征。根据谢乐公式，当Zn的含量（x)为0、0.25、0.50、0.75 和 1.00 时，Cd_1-xZn_xS粒径分别约为 2.2、1.8、1.0、1.9、4.0 nm。结果表明，通过改变投料比可以获得具有不同光学带隙和晶格常数的Cd_1-xZn_xS纳米粒子。此外，还考察了明胶用量对Cd_1-xZn_xS纳米粒子发光性质的影响通过改变投料比可以获得具有不同光学带隙和晶格常数的CdhZnS纳米粒子。此外，还考察了明胶用量对CdxZnS纳米粒子发光性质的影响，     

Quantum fluids in nanoporous media—Effects of the confinement and fractal geometry

The complex behavior of such quantum fluids like liquid 4He and liquid 3He in nanoporous media is determined by spatial quantization because of geometrical confinement as well as by significant contribution from the surface atoms. In the present report we will review the procedure, results and discuss the issues for fractionalized nonextensive hydrodynamical approach to describe the properties of quantum fluids inside nanopores and propose consideration of strong correlated quantum liquid by means of fracti...     

The experiment of nanoparticles spontaneously agglomerating by difusion-limited aggregation on the 2D surface

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Enhancement of thermal stability and UV resistance of halloysite nanotubes using zinc oxide functionalization via a solvent-free approach

The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the thermal properties and ultraviolet(UV)resistance of zinc oxide-functionalized halloysite nanotubes(HNT–ZnO).The HNT–ZnO was synthesized using a facile solvent-free route.The properties of the HNT–ZnO nanofillers were characterized using zeta-potential measurement,X-ray diffraction(XRD),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The immobilization of ZnO nanoparticles onto HNT is feasible even at the lowest mass ratio of HNT/ZnO.The TGA results indicate that the thermal stability of the HNT–ZnO nanofillers is higher than that of the HNT.Furthermore,UV?Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-DRS)results show that the HNT–ZnO achieve a total reflectance as high as approximately 87.5%in the UV region,as compare with 66.9%for the HNT.In summary,the immobilization of ZnO onto HNT is a viable approach for increasing the thermal stability and improving the UV shielding of HNT.     

紫杉烷类PEG-PDLLA纳米粒的制备及其体外评价

采用乳化-溶剂蒸发法制备紫杉烷类PEG-PDLLA纳米粒,马尔文激光粒度仪测其粒径及Zeta电位;HPLC法测定纳米粒包封率和载药量;研究载药纳米粒在PBS中的释放动力学;初步评价载药纳米粒在MGC803、HeLa细胞中的摄取及细胞毒性。结果表明,通过包载形成的纳米粒的粒径为(13±1)nm,分布较集中。载体与药物的质量比在20∶1时,紫杉醇的均一性最好,卡巴他赛的包封率最高,达到88.77%。载药纳米粒具有较好的缓释作用,MGC803、HeLa细胞的存活率降低,与临床用注射剂效果相近。紫杉烷类PEG-PDLLA纳米粒的性质、释放、细胞抑瘤率都较好,可为开发紫杉烷类新型静脉注射制剂提供实验依据。     

TiO2/NaY光催化剂的制备和表征

以钛酸四丁酯和NaY沸石为原料,通过浸渍、焙烧等工序制备出TiO2/NaY复合光催化剂,经X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜和紫外可见漫反射光谱表征显示,在沸石表面上形成了粒径5～7 nm二氧化钛粒子;该催化剂对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解呈现紫外光催化活性.