表面活性剂使白炭黑改性的研究

基于大量实验,研究了在SiO2含量相同或不同的条件下,不同种的表面活性剂在其含量改变时,对提高白炭黑DBP和比表面积的影响·在传统的酸性硅溶胶两步法生产白炭黑的工艺基础上,增加一次添加表面活性剂的过程,从而获得吸油值高、比表面积大、具有气凝胶特性的优质白炭黑·同时探讨了表面活性剂使白炭黑改进性能的机理     

Au纳米粒子在超临界CO2中结构和相互作用

为了可控制备分散性的Au纳米粒子,研究Au纳米粒子在溶剂中的界面结构及相互作用。采用分子动力学模拟方法研究不同温度下氟化的硫醇十二烷钝化的Au纳米粒子在超临界CO₂中的界面结构和相互作用自由能。结果表明:温度升高会略微提升纯排斥的特征。通过自由能的分解,发现Au纳米内核与吸附的有机配体间的相互作用完全决定了自由能的排斥特征。焓熵分析结果表明自由能的排斥特征是由熵贡献引起的。     

A relevant in vitro rat model for the evaluation of blood-brain barrier translocation of nanoparticles

Poly(MePEG₂₀₀₀cyanoacrylate-co-hexadecylcyanoacrylate) (PEG-PHDCA) nanoparticles have demonstrated their capacity to reach the rat central nervous system after intravenous injection. For insight into the transport of colloidal systems across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we developed a relevant in vitro rat BBB model consisting of a coculture of rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) and rat astrocytes. The RBECs used in our model displayed and retained structural characteristics of brain endothelial cells, such as expression of P-glycoprotein, occludin and ZO-1, and immunofluorescence studies showed the specific localization of occludin and ZO1. The high values of transendothelial electrical resistance and low permeability coefficients of marker molecules demonstrated the functionality of this model. The comparative passage of polyhexadecylcyanoacrylate and PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles through this model was investigated, showing a higher passage of PEGylated nanoparticles, presumably by endocytosis. This result was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Thanks to a good in vitro/in vivo correlation, this rat BBB model will help in understanding the mechanisms of nanoparticle translocation and in designing new types of colloidal carriers as brain delivery systems.Received 4 March 2005; accepted 14 April 2005     

金纳米粒子二维有序阵列的构筑和电化学性质

在水溶液中用柠檬酸钾还原氯金酸的方法合成了粒径为30～40nm的金纳米粒子,并用透射电镜和紫外可见光谱进行了表征;然后在表面经PVP修饰的导电玻璃上以自组装的方式构筑了金纳米粒子的二维有序阵列,并用扫描电镜和紫外可见光谱进行了表征;以所制备的金纳米粒子二维有序阵列作为电极,对硝基苯酚的电化学响应得到明显提高,金纳米有序阵列电极有望成为检测废水中对硝基苯酚的电化学传感器.     

Effects of Au nanoparticle addition to hole transfer layer in organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine and fullerene

Organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine(CuNc) and fullerene(C60) were fabricated, and their photovoltaic properties were investigated. C60 and CuNc were used as n-type and p-type semiconductors, respectively. In addition, the effect of Au nanoparticle addition on a hole transfer layer was investigated, and the power conversion efficiency of the devices was improved after blending the Au nanoparticles into the hole transport layer. Nanostructures of Au nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Energy levels of molecules were calculated by molecular orbital calculations, and the nanostructure and electronic properties were discussed.& 2014 Chinese Materials Research Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

Au@SiO2颗粒对石墨烯量子点拉曼信号的增强作用

采用金纳米颗粒包覆了一层二氧化硅壳层作为实验材料,利用该核壳材料增强石墨烯量子点的拉曼信号,并实现了单颗粒增强.实验中,二氧化硅的厚度可以通过反应时间得到控制,该壳层可以增强金纳米颗粒的化学和物理稳定性.本文方法与使用纯金纳米颗粒增强石墨烯量子点拉曼信号相比,其拉曼信号强度增强了20%以上.     

碳气凝胶的制备及其物性研究

气凝胶是一种新型非晶固态材料,有着广泛的应用前景,为此详细论述了有机气凝胶和碳气凝胶的制备工艺;采用高分辨率航向电镜观察气凝胶的纳米显微结构;喇曼光谱测试结果表明碳气凝胶颗粒内部存在有微晶化结构;低温氮吸附法测试结果表明,有机气凝胶和碳气凝胶的比表面积主要由溶液的配比浓度和催化剂的量决定,后者还受碳化温度的影响。     

X线激发纳米TiO2对胃癌细胞SGC-7901的杀伤作用

观察X线激发纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)后对体外培养的胃癌细胞SGC—7901在不同TiO2浓度下对细胞增殖的影响。探讨其可能的抑瘤机制。首先通过MTT法测定不同浓度TiO2对细胞增殖的影响。然后通过Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达变化。MTT结果显示,通过X线激发纳米TiO2后可对胃癌SGC—7901细胞的增殖产生明显的抑制作用,呈浓度相关性,当纳米TiO2浓度为0.25 mg/mL时抑制效果最明显(抑制率)。Western结果显示实验组与对照组相比凋亡相关蛋白Bax的表达显著上调。说明X线激发的纳米TiO2可抑制胃癌SGC—7901细胞的增殖,促进凋亡发生。     

葡萄糖氧化酶修饰聚二甲基硅氧烷-纳米金电极的制备及其应用

利用聚二甲基硅氧烷-纳米金表面生物亲和性结合葡萄糖氧化酶,制备了葡萄糖氧化酶修饰的聚二甲基硅氧烷-纳米金软电极,并用计时安培法在磷酸盐缓冲体系中研究其对葡萄糖的催化氧化,实验结果表明该酶电极对葡萄糖具有明显的催化能力且在葡萄糖浓度为0.66 mM～100 mM的范围内,响应电流与葡萄糖浓度呈良好的线性关系。     

Cu-TiO2纳米复合镀层的腐蚀和光催化性能

采用纳米复合镀技术在铝表面制备了Cu-TiO2纳米复合镀层,利用扫描电镜、电化学测试系统、分光光度计对其形貌、腐蚀和光催化性能进行了研究.结果表明,TiO2纳米颗粒在铜基复合膜层中的分散均匀;TiO2颗粒的加入可使Cu-TiO2纳米复合镀层腐蚀电位明显增加,膜层的耐蚀性提高;在紫外光照射下,复合镀层对甲基橙溶液有明显的光催化降解作用,且这种作用随时间延长而有所增大.