基于反馈控制系统实时寿命预测的延寿策略研究

针对反馈控制系统性能因执行器隐含退化而无法满足控制任务时限要求的问题,提出了一种基于反馈系统实时寿命预测的动态矩阵控制(DMC)延寿方法.该方法首先基于Wiener和Poisson过程,建立了更加贴合执行器实际退化过程的复合模型;其次,通过分析执行器隐含退化对控制系统性能的影响给出了系统剩余寿命(RUL)的解析解,实现了系统RUL的实时快速预测;接着依据RUL的预测信息并结合DMC方法,通过在线针对性地对约束矩阵Q和R元素值的共同调整来延长系统的RUL,确保了控制任务时限性要求的目标达成;最后以双容水箱液位系统验证了本文方法的有效性,且较已有的LQR方法延寿效果和鲁棒性都更优.     

Anion-immobilized solid composite electrolytes based on metal-organic frameworks and superacid ZrO2 fillers for high-performance all solid-state lithium metal batteries

Anion-immobilized solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) are important to restrain the propagation of lithium dendrites for all solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). Herein, a novel SCEs based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, UiO-66-NH2) and superacid ZrO2 (S-ZrO2) fillers are proposed, and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and some other electrochemical measurements. The –NH2 groups of UiO-66-NH2 combines with F atoms of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) chains by hydrogen bonds, leading to a high electrochemical stability window of 5 V. Owing to the incorporation of UiO-66-NH2 and S-ZrO2 in PVDF-HFP polymer, the open met-al sites of MOFs and acid surfaces of S-ZrO2 can immobilize anions by strong Lewis acid-base interaction, which enhances the effect of im-mobilization anions, achieving a high Li-ion transference number (t+) of 0.72, and acquiring a high ionic conductivity of 1.05×10–4 S·cm–1 at 60°C. The symmetrical Li/Li cells with the anion-immobilized SCEs may steadily operate for over 600 h at 0.05 mA·cm–2 without the short-circuit occurring. Besides, the solid composite Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) cell with the anion-immobilized SCEs shows a superior discharge specific ca-pacity of 158 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 C. The results illustrate that the anion-immobilized SCEs are one of the most promising choices to optimize the performances of ASSLMBs.     

碳包覆Ti3AlC2增强银基复合材料的制备与性能

Ti₃AlC₂-reinforced Ag-based composites, which are used as sliding current collectors, electrical contacts, and electrode materials, exhibit remarkable performances. However, the interfacial reactions between Ag and Ti₃AlC₂ significantly degrade the electrical and thermal properties of these composites. To diminish these interfacial reactions, we fabricated carbon-coated Ti₃AlC₂ particles (C@Ti₃AlC₂) as reinforcement and prepared Ag–10wt%C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites with carbon-layer thicknesses ranging from 50–200 nm. Compared with the uncoated Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ composite, Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ was found to have a better distribution of Ti₃AlC₂ particles. With increases in the carbon-layer thickness, the Vickers hardness value and relative density of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ gradually decreases. With a carbon-layer thickness of 150 nm, we obtained the lowest resistivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ of 29.4 135.5×10?9 Ω·m, which is half that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ (66.7 × 10?9 Ω·m). The thermal conductivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ reached a maximum value of 135.5 W·m?1·K?1 with a 200-nm carbon coating (~1.8 times that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂). These results indicate that the carbon-coating method is a feasible strategy for improving the performance of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites.     

搅拌铸造法制备和表征GNPs和CNTs增强Al 7075基复合材料

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. By increasing the volume fraction of reinforcements, the fraction of porosity increased. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from (002) to (111). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix. Between the two reinforcements, the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities. Through the addition of 0.52vol% GNPs into the matrix, the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%, 32%, and 180%, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of 0.71vol% CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness, tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%, 129%, and 260%, respectively.     

混凝土-混凝土层间界面的性能及在组合混凝土 结构中的应用评述

混凝土?混凝土层间界面普遍存在于混凝土结构中,界面的抗剪性能是保障不同区域混凝土共同工作的基础。介绍了混凝土?混凝土层间界面的剪力传递机制、剪应力设计表达式、黏结性能及界面性能的影响因素,探讨了混凝土?混凝土层间界面的耐久性。最后,建立了组合混凝土结构中界面的概念设计框架。     

部分充填混凝土-钢箱连续组合梁裂缝特征

对5根部分充填混凝土-钢箱连续组合梁进行静力加载试验,研究组合梁在负弯矩作用下的混凝土面板的裂缝开裂和发展特征.根据试验结果与理论分析,综合考虑力比、栓钉间距对部分充填混凝土-钢箱连续组合梁裂缝特征的影响,对比负弯矩区裂缝宽度试验值与各文献计算值.结果表明:力比对裂缝最大宽度的影响较大,栓钉可引起次生裂缝的产生,故应将力比及栓钉连接件的间距作为部分充填混凝土-钢箱组合梁中支座区最大裂缝宽度计算的重要参数.     

机械球磨法制备Al/C复合粒子及其对HTPB推进剂的性能影响

为了提高Al粉的活性和燃烧效率,采用机械球磨法制备了一种Al/C复合粒子并优化了球磨条件,当C质量分数为30%、球料比为14、转速为350 rad·s-1、环境介质为正己烷、湿磨时间为2 h时,复合粒子中Al和C的晶粒尺寸分别为33.2 nm和42.5 nm,粒子的相对有效活性为70.33%.同时,研究了复合粒子对HTPB推进剂的黏度、力学、爆热、燃速等的影响.研究结果表明,复合粒子会增加HTPB推进剂的黏度,但是体系是一个典型剪切变稀的流体,复合粒子加入量越多,剪切变稀程度越大,因此选择合适的添加量和加工条件,含复合粒子的推进剂能高质量成型;且复合粒子能有效改善HTPB推进剂的力学强度,当其替代Al粉比例从0%增加到30%,平均最大拉伸强度和断裂强度分别从0.37,0.32 MPa增加至0.75,0.69 MPa;且复合粒子的替代量为15%时,HTPB推进剂的爆热和燃速分别较空白提高9.91%和48.27%.      

时效对10Ni10Mn2CuAl钢组织及性能的影响

基于富Cu相和NiAl(Mn)相复合沉淀析出强化的方式设计了一种新型高强度舰船用钢10Ni10Mn2CuAl,探究了时效处理工艺对10Ni10Mn2CuAl钢的组织及性能的影响.采用Thermo-Calc软件对析出相析出温度和含量进行理论计算,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对基体典型夹杂及对时效处理后组织进行了分析,并进行了性能测试.研究结果表明:钢中富Cu相析出温度区间为300~606℃,最高质量分数为1.41%.随时效时间增加,马氏体板条呈现粗化到细化演变,硬度增加到峰值后趋于稳定.随时效温度升高加速析出相析出过程,硬度达到峰值的时间缩短.在最佳热处理工艺下(500℃时效24h),实验钢屈服强度为1435.51MPa,抗拉强度为1555.42MPa,延伸率为8%,综合性能达到最优.     

聚乳酸/二氧化硅静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备与表征

为提高聚乳酸（PLA）静电纺丝纤维膜的热性能及机械性能,以PLA为基体,正硅酸乙酯为SiO₂前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶法和静电纺丝工艺制备PLA/SiO₂复合纤维膜。研究表明：通过静电纺丝,SiO₂被成功引入PLA基体制备成纤维膜,其中PLA呈非晶态,且SiO₂增大了PLA的分子间距;SiO₂的引入可以显著提高800 ℃时的残余量;SiO₂可以提高复合纤维膜的断裂强度和断裂伸长率,且当（SiO₂）为1 %时,断裂强度和断裂伸长率分别提高至2.82 MPa和42.2 %;静电纺丝纤维膜内的纤维无序排列,粗细不均匀,SiO₂引入后,PLA的孔洞更加明显、致密。总之,SiO₂引入PLA基体后,复合纤维膜在800 ℃的残余率显著提高,断裂强度及断裂伸长率改善,且形成致密的孔洞结构。     

四辊万能孔型中轨形件宽展的数值解

根据轨形件的形状特点和其在四辊万能孔型中变形特征，简化了其断面形状，并划分成７个区域．建立了各区的运动许可速度场，得到含５个变分参数总功率泛函表达式．由泛函极小化条件，用Ｐｏｗｅｌ算法，求解出轨形件头部和底部宽展的数值解．计算表明，头与底部宽展规律不同，理论值与实测值的吻合较好