非生物成因天然气形成机制与资源前景

本文论述了细菌(生物)成因气、热成因气、深层气和非生物成因气的形成机制和它们的耦合与差异;评述了非生物成因天然气的研究历史和发展态势,指出迄今在国际上因未发现任何具非生物成因特征的商业气藏,而认为非生物成因天然气不具有资源前景是一种错误结论。本文并讨论了地球深部有机质演化的关键科学问题和判识天然气成因类型地球化学指标的有效性,指出:沉积有机质受生物降解、热降解作用的同位素动力学分馏效应的制约,有机成因烷烃气体(甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和丁烷)的碳氢同位素δ13C值和δ2H值分布均呈正序分布,即:δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4和δ2HCH4<δ2HC2H6<δ2HC3H8<δ2HC4H10,二者具有正相关关系;非生物成因天然气受聚合作用同位素动力学分馏效应的制约,其烷烃气体的碳氢同位素分布则不同于前者,δ13C值呈反序分布δ13C1>δ13C2>δ13C3>δ13C4,而δ2H值呈正序分布δ2HCH4<δ2HC2H6<δ2HC3H8<δ2HC4H10,二者具有负相关关系;而且非生物成因甲烷的δ13C1≥-30.0‰。此外,本文评述了中国非生物成因天然气研究所取得的重要进展,论述了松辽盆地非生物成因天然气的地质地球化学特征,指出松辽盆地昌德肇州西非生物成因天然气藏的发现,为研究和寻找非生物成因天然气资源提供了典型实例;并指出伴随松辽盆地深层气勘探的重大突破,以及近20口商业天然气井非生物成因特征的确定,展现了松辽盆地非生物成因天然气勘探开发的良好前景,使松辽盆地成为世界上研究和寻找非生物成因天然气资源最理想的地区。     

小气量低压气轻烃回收工艺方案研究

本文从轻烃回收的工艺方案设计实例出发,对小气量低压气轻烃回收方案进行了研究。通过工艺计算、参数研究、方案对比,提出了合理的工艺回收方案。     

热环境下燃气爆炸特性的研究进展

阐述了热环境下燃气爆炸发生的可能性以及危害性,介绍了国内外关于热环境下燃气爆炸特性的研究现状,指出了存在的主要问题和开展进一步研究的主要方向.     

理想玻色气体的化学势

本文从μ＝（ＥＵ／ＥＮ）ｓ，ｖ出发，分析了理想玻色气体２化学势随温度变化的若干特点。     

联醇中甲醇浓度对铜洗吸收能力的影响

目的 提供一种先进的联醇合成气中甲醇分离装置。方法采用理论分析计算和工业实践应用相结合的方法。结果聚结式高效分醇技术比高压水洗净醇经济效益高1．5倍。结论聚结分离净醇技术与工业上常用的高压水洗净醇技术相比,技术可靠,效益明显,且联醇分离体系中“零”醇“零”水工艺的设计方案在技术上是可行的。     

Analyses of the predicted changes of the global oceans under the increased greenhouse gases scenarios

A new climate model (ECHAM5/MPI-OM1) developed for the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) at Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology is used to study the climate changes under the different increased CO2 scenarios (B1, A1B and A2). Based on the corresponding model results, the sea surface temperature and salinity structure, the variations of the thermohaline circulation (THC) and the changes of sea ice in the northern hemisphere are analyzed. It is concluded that from the year of 2000 to 2100, un- der the B1, A1B and A2 scenarios, the global mean sea surface temperatures (SST) would increase by 2.5℃, 3.5℃ and 4.0℃ respectively, especially in the region of the Arctic, the increase of SST would be even above 10.0℃; the maximal negative value of the variation of the fresh water flux is located in the sub- tropical oceans, while the precipitation in the eastern tropical Pacific increases. The strength of THC de- creases under the B1, A1B and A2 scenarios, and the reductions would be about 20%, 25% and 25.1% of the present THC strength respectively. In the north- ern hemisphere, the area of the sea ice cover would decrease by about 50% under the A1B scenario.     

焦炭粉-氧气混合物爆燃向爆震转捩的数值模拟

根据化学反应和两相反应流体动力学理论,建立了焦炭粉氧气混合物燃烧波在一维封闭空间内的爆燃爆震转捩现象的数学模型,运用坐标变换和MacCormack两步显式差分格式,成功地完成了过程的数值模拟·清楚地诠释了气固两相混合物中DDT现象的转变机制:激波诱导、激波生成、激波加强及至稳态爆震·转变过程受初始温度场、压力场、粉尘浓度和颗粒尺度的影响     

Features of major greenhouse gases in loess, Shanxi Province, China

According to the investigations of five loess sections in Shanxi Province, China, it was found that the concentrations of the major greenhouse gases CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O in loess-paleosol sequences are generally high, even sometimes may be several times or scores of times higher than their atmospheric concentrations respectively. Although the CO₂ concentration in the same loess section shows poor regularity among different layers, it increases slowly from north to south in space. The CH₄ concentration in the layers under Malan Loess is much higher than that in the atmosphere, although it is not high in Malan Loess. Most of the δ¹³C values of CO₂ in loess are -11.14‰—15.48‰ (relative to PDB standard). Analysis of carbon isotopic compositions of CO₂ indicates that the main source of CO₂ in loess section is decomposition of ‘stable’ organic matters by microbes. The δ¹³C_g of CO₂ is a little heavier than organic source for exchanging carbon isotope with carbonate in loess. The abundant carbonate in loess not only makes the loess a huge carbon reservior but also adjusts     

防治煤矿有毒有害气体泄漏的密封剂主要性能实验研究

本文对防治煤矿有毒有害气体泄漏的密封剂——硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料做了探索性研究,通过正交实验法和单因素实验法进行38组实验,得到组分配比,制备出聚氨酯泡沫材料,并对其主要性能做了进一步测定。实验结果表明,该密封材料可以满足煤矿生产条件下所要求的力学性能和较高的粘结性能,并且具有发泡迅速、发泡倍数高、泡沫尺寸稳定等特点,可很好地应用于煤矿有毒有害气体泄漏的防治。     

近距易燃煤层采空区残煤综放复采技术矿压显现研究

利用矿压显现理论,对白家庄矿业公司39713工作面近距易燃煤层采空区残煤综放复采技术矿压显现进行分析,重点研究了工作面及两巷超前支护段矿山压力显现,为类似工作面及矿井开采提供实践经验及理论总结,以达到安全回采的目的。