超重力尿素湿法烟气脱硝技术的研究

通过考察氮氧化物湿法吸收机理,对NOx液相吸收的传质理论进行了相关分析。采用定-转子反应器（RSR）作为新型吸收设备,对尿素溶液吸收氮氧化物废气的工艺条件进行了试验研究,考察了液体流量、进气流量、定-转子反应器转速、尿素含量及吸收温度等因素对NOx脱除率的影响,确定了脱除NOx的最佳条件。试验结果表明,对定-转子反应器内部结构为SS-RH这种组合,最佳操作参数为液体流量0.2m3/h、进气流量0.2m3/h、定-转子反应器转速1400r/min、尿素溶液质量分数20%、吸收温度60℃。在此条件下,NOx的脱除率可达到63%。     

MBR+蠕虫床耦合系统内胞外聚合物三维荧光特性

采用三维荧光技术研究了MBR+蠕虫床耦合系统内蠕虫作用对MBR内胞外聚合物(EPSS及EPSB)特性的影响.MBR-A、MBR-B和SSBWR内EPSS的EEM光谱中均主要有四个特征峰,SS-BWR的作用未破坏MBR-B内EPSS中酪氨酸类蛋白质的结构,使色氨酸类蛋白质的峰发生了较大程度的红移,两类芳香性蛋白质、类腐殖酸以及类富里酸物质含量均有大量增加.耦合系统内EPSB的EEM光谱均主要有两个特征峰,分别为酪氨酸和色氨酸类蛋白质,EPSB主要由蛋白质类物质构成.经SSBWR作用后EPSB中两类蛋白质含量减少明显,并且色氨酸类蛋白质的特征峰产生了5～10nm的蓝移.MBR-B的污泥混合液经SSBWR作用后,其I(B)/I(A)值有了一定程度的降低,蠕虫的捕食作用使污泥混合液中易生物降解的有机质减少,降低了污泥混合液的可生化性.     

Yaw attitude of eclipsing GPS satellites and its impact on solutions from precise point positioning

During the period when a GPS satellite, the Earth and the Sun are approximately collinear, the phenomenon of eclipsing the satellite occurs, when the satellite yaw attitude deviates from its nominal case, i.e. the body X-axis cannot point towards the Sun for Block II&IIA or away from it for Block IIR satellites. The yaw attitude of the eclipsing satellites has a significant influence on both the satellite clock estimation at each International GNSS Service (IGS) Analysis Center (AC) and for users of the precise point positioning (PPP) implementations. It is known that, during the eclipsing periods, inconsistent yaw attitude models among the ACs will contribute to the errors of the IGS combined clock products. As for the PPP user, the influence of the eclipsing satellite is two-fold. First, as the satellite clocks are always kept fixed during PPP implementation, the above-mentioned problematic IGS clocks will inevitably be passed on to the PPP estimates. Second, the improper yaw attitude modeling of the eclipsing satellite will cause a correction bias exceeding 1 dm for the two kinds of attitude-related systematic errors, namely the phase wind-up and satellite antenna phase center offset, which will further deteriorate the accuracy of the PPP solutions. A yaw attitude model is introduced in this paper with the aim of improving the reliability of PPP solutions during the satellite eclipsing period.     

Combined effects of solar UV radiation and CO2-induced seawater acidification on photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton assemblages in the South China Sea

We carried out short term pCO₂/pH perturbation experiments in the coastal waters of the South China Sea to evaluate the combined effects of seawater acidification (low pH/high pCO₂) and solar UV radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) on photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton assemblages. Under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) alone treatments, reduced pCO² (190 ppmv) with increased pH resulted in a significant decrease in the photosynthetic carbon fixation rate (about 23%), while enriched pCO₂ (700 ppmv) with lowered pH had no significant effect on the photosynthetic performance compared to the ambient level. The apparent photosynthetic efficiency decreased under the reduced pCO₂ level, probably due to C-limitation as well as energy being diverged for up-regulation of carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). In the presence of UVR, both UV-A and UV-B caused photosynthetic inhibition, though UV-A appeared to enhance the photosynthetic efficiency under lower PAR levels. UV-B caused less inhibition of photosynthesis under the reduced pCO₂ level, probably because of its contribution to the inorganic carbon (Ci)-acquisition processes. Under the seawater acidification conditions (enriched pCO₂), both UV-A and UV-B reduced the photosynthetic carbon fixation to higher extents compared to the ambient pCO₂ conditions. We conclude that solar UV and seawater acidification could synergistically inhibit photosynthesis.     

Z箍缩驱动聚变裂变混合堆——一条有竞争力的能源技术途径

介绍了国内外Z箍缩研究现状,探讨了利用Z箍缩驱动核能源的新能源技术,证明Z-Pinch驱动聚变裂变混合堆是一条非常有竞争力的能源路线。     

一步法POY/FDY涤纶混纤丝异收缩性能的表征

针对目前混纤丝异收缩性能表征中存在的问题及异收缩混纤丝的发展趋势,对一步法POY(预取向丝)/FDY(全拉伸丝)涤纶异收缩混纤丝在不同处理条件下的热收缩性能进行系统测试分析.结果表明:一步法POY/FDY涤纶混纤丝经30min沸水处理后测得的收缩率S1可作为其中POY组分收缩率;一步法POY/FDY涤纶混纤丝经80℃、30min定长水定形后的干热收缩率S2可作为其中FDY组分收缩率;两者差值ΔS=S1-S2即为混纤丝的异收缩率.以此提出了一种简便而有效地表征一步法POY/FDY涤纶混纤丝异收缩性能的方法.     

绿氧与NaOH组合处理对玉米秸厌氧消化性能影响

用绿氧(GO)与NaOH组合对玉米秸秆进行预处理,研究了不同GO添加量对玉米秸厌氧消化产气性能的影响。结果表明:绿氧与NaOH组合预处理可使产气高峰提前,在2%NaOH中分别添加0.05%GO(1#)和0.1%GO(2#)的预处理样品T80时间为31 d和34 d,比2%NaOH预处理样品(3#)分别缩短了5 d和2 d;总产气量较3#样品都有明显的提高,其中1#样品总产气量为40750mL,是3#样品的1.1倍;其反应后总固体(TS)、挥发性固体(VS)减少的也最多,分别由32.8%和47.8%提高到了37%和50.9%。因此,绿氧(GO)与NaOH组合可以提高秸秆的可生物降解性和发酵产气率。     

产甲烷阶段季铵化合物的厌氧生物降解性研究(英文)

基于厌氧序批式测试系统,研究了一组季铵化合物的最终生物降解性和对生物气产生过程的毒性效果.四个测试物中每个化合物均带有四个相同的烷基,通式为R4N+Br-(TEAB,TPAB,TOAB和TODAB分别对应R=C2,C5,C8,C18,).测试物的矿化程度被用来评估其最终厌氧生物降解性;对碳源D-葡萄糖代谢过程的毒性可以利用测试物对生物气生成过程的抑制效果来指示.研究结果表明:带有偶碳数烷基链的季铵化合物,即TEAB、TOAB和TODAB在20 mg/L(以C计)能够被很容易地降解为CO2和CH4,它们对生物气生成过程的毒性随着所带烷基链长的增长而减小.测试物中带有最长碳链的TODAB,即使碳浓度提高到100 mg/L也可以顺利降解;并且在200 mg/L的高浓度条件下也没有发现其对代谢过程的毒性证据.相反,带有奇数碳链的TPAB很难被厌氧生物降解,而且在所有测试物中显示出最强的厌氧毒性,200 mg/L时的生物气抑制率高达69%.     

组合训练对学生下肢快速力量影响的研究

以长江大学体育学院2007级30名体育教育专业学生为对象,研究了组合训练对学生下肢快速力量的影响.根据学生的基本情况(身高、体质量、年龄和训练年限)分为"最大力量+速度"组、"最大力量+小负荷快速蹲跳"组、"最大力量+跳跃"组3个实验组.经过为期8周的训练后,结果显示,立定跳远、30 m、原地起跳摸高和助跑5级跨步跳4项运动学指标都有不同程度的提高,与实验前有显著性差异.但是提高的幅度有所区别,"最大力量+跳跃"组别在各运动指标增量表现上与另外2组有显著性差异,是3种组合中最优的组合.     

立体传质塔板帽罩空间浓度分布

立体传质塔板(CTST)罩体空间的浓度分布规律是板效率研究的基础.在φ600,mm的冷模实验塔内用富含CO2水-空气系统对CTST帽罩空间的气、液相浓度分布进行了测量.结果发现,罩内液相浓度沿帽罩高度方向总体呈降低趋势,同一高度上罩外液相浓度始终低于罩内液相浓度,气相浓度分布与液相浓度分布趋势相反;在帽罩的提升段,靠近喷射板的液相浓度明显高于中心位置的液相浓度,在喷射段,喷射板附近和帽罩中心的液相浓度则相差不大;正常操作条件下,提升段、喷射段和罩外传质量占总传质量的比率分别为50%～70%、10%～17%和20%～35%.考察了板孔气速和液体流量对罩体空间各区域传质量分配的影响.结果表明,随着板孔气速或液体流量的增大,提升段传质量比率减小,喷射段传质量比率增大.