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12.
Chemical ecology of oviposition in phytophagous insects 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J. A. A. Renwick 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1989,45(3):223-228
Summary Selection of a suitable site for oviposition by phytophagous insects is critical for successful development of the offspring. The behavioral events leading to oviposition are mediated to a large extent by chemical cues associated with potential host plants. Orientation and landing are primarily guided by volatile constituents of a plant, whereas assessment of a leaf surface depends on contact stimuli. Chemical mechanisms that ensure adequate spacing of progeny on limited resources include the production of oviposition-deterring pheromones as well as recognition of plant constituents released as a result of previous damage. Perception of chemical cues that affects oviposition involves receptors on antennae, tarsi, mouthparts or the ovipositor. Complex behavior such as tarsal drumming or stem runs may serve to provide increased receptor contact with chemical stimuli. Abiotic and biotic environmental factors often influence the production or release of behavior-modifying chemicals by a plant, and therefore affect oviposition preferences. Plant chemistry may be involved in associative learning, but may also lead to mistakes. Thus a clear correlation between oviposition preference and offspring success does not always exist. 相似文献
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The upwind flight of male moths to conspecific females is mediated by the chemical and structural characteristics of a pheromone plume. We describe the reaction of maleCadra cautella, the almond moth, to the interception of single pulses of sex pheromone, the smallest structural units of odour plumes. Following loss of a pheromone plume, males cast, that is fly a crosswind course without progressing upwind. The response of casting males to interception of a pulse of 0.25 s duration was, after a delay of 0.21±0.07 s, to turn and briefly fly straighter upwind, resulting in average net upwind displacements of 18 cm in a 50 cm s–1 wind. Upwind progress in the single-pulse response was the result of steering more upwind and an increase in airspeed, although average ground speed remained unchanged. During the last third of the surge, males turned crosswind, returning to casting flight. These behavioural reactions to pheromone contact and loss support the phasic-tonic model of odour-modulated flight, in which an underlying tonic counterturning rhythm, expressed upon pheromone loss, is briefly overridden by phasic upwind surges, expressed upon interception of the pheromone filament. The surge portion of the cast-surge-cast response was diminished and more crosswind if individual pulses were shorter (0.02 s), probably due to sub-optimal contact with pheromone. The cast-surge-cast response to interception of a single 0.25 s pulse was used as a template to interpret the form of flight tracks in plumes of known structure. The template matched portions of flight tracks of males flying in plumes of low pheromone pulse frequency, thus reflecting the male's pattern of pulse encounter. In plumes ensuring a high frequency of pulse interception, only the upwind surge portion of the template was expressed, resulting in nearly straight upwind flight tracks. Similar nearly straight upwind flight tracks occurred in flights along plumes of low pulse frequency with large volume. Thus flight tracks of maleC. cautella to point sources of pheromone depend on both the frequency and the size of filaments encountered. 相似文献
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农村集体土地所有权之法律反思 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
农村集体土地所有权制度的改革是目前学界关注的热点。我国集体土地所有权存在的问题主要有:主体虚位性、客体不稳定性以及权利内容的不圆满性。在性质上,集体土地所有权的本质是一种特殊的共同共有。改革集体土地所有权可采取以下法律措施:严格限制公权力的介入,赋予农民土地处分权,集体决定土地的使用。 相似文献
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某金矿床赋存于太华群龙潭沟组地层中,金矿床严格受断裂构造控制.通过对此金矿床地质特征的研究,系统总结了该矿床的控矿因素和找矿标志,并指明了矿区今后的找矿方向. 相似文献
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论新建本科院校应用型人才培养目标定位 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
新建本科院校能否健康持续发展,保证人才培养质量,首要的是能否科学定位人才培养目标.应用型人才是人才的一种类型,有技术有技能的应用型人才是我国经济发展中非常关键的因素,发展应用型本科教育大有可为.新建本科院校科学定位人才培养目标,要着眼于多样化的人才需求,着眼于办学实际和生源实际,坚持发展性、全面性的基本定位原则. 相似文献
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在英语中存在着一些语义偏见的现象。本文从社会语用的角度出发,对性别、种族、阶级、地域、职业等几个方面存在的语义偏见、语言歧视进行了分析;阐述了它们与文化的内在联系;并指出了解语义偏见与文化取象之间关系的意义。 相似文献
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本文研究由城市环形街道所引起的强连通定向(单行道设计)图的问题,即研究由n1条环形道和从中心向外辐射的n2条路组成的城市街道图。将按直径最优的准则寻求最优强连通定向。本文解决了n1=3,n2≡0(mod2),6≤n2≤14时的情形,得到了全部最优强连通定向。 相似文献