Transitional phenomenon of particle dispersion in gas-solid two-phase flows

Without using any turbulent model, direct numerical simulation of a three-dimensional gas-solid two-phase turbulent jet was performed by finite volume method. The effects on dispersion of particles with different Stokes numbers by the transitional behavior of turbulent structures were investigated. To produce high-resolution results and reduce the computation and storage, the fractional-step projection algorithm was used to solve the governing equations of gas phase fluid. The low-storage, three-order Runge-Kutta scheme was used for time integration. The governing equations of particles were solved in the Lagrangian framework. These numerical schemes were validated by the good agreement be-tween the statistical results of flow field and the related experimental data. In the study of particle dis-persion, it was found that the effects on particle dispersion by the spanwise vortex structures were prominent. The new behaviors of particle dispersion were also observed during the evolution of the flow field, i.e. the transitional phenomenon of particle dispersion occurs for the particles with small and intermediate Stokes numbers.     

Reconstruction of linkage maps in the distorted segregation populations of backcross, doubled haploid and recombinant inbred lines

Non-Mendelian segregation of markers, known as distorted segregation, is a common biological phenomenon. Although segregation distortion affects the estimation of map distances and the results of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, the effects of distorted markers are often ignored in the construction of linkage maps and in QTL mapping. Recently, we have developed a multipoint method via a Hidden Markov chain method to reconstruct linkage maps in an F2 population that corrects for bias of map distances between distorted markers. In this article, the method is extended to cover backcross, doubled haploid and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. The results from simulated experiments show that: (1) the degree that two linked segregation distortion loci (SDL) affect the estimation of map distances increases as SDL heritability and interval length between adjacent markers increase, whereas sample size has little effect on the bias; (2) two linked SDL result in the underesti- mation of linkage distances for most cases, overestimation for an additive model with opposite additive effects, and unbiased estimation for an epistatic model with negative additive-by-additive effects; (3) the proposed method can obtain the unbiased estimation of linkage distance. This new method was applied to a rice RIL population with severely distorted segregation to reconstruct the linkage maps, and a bootstrap method was used to obtain 95% confidence intervals of map distances. The results from real data analysis further demonstrate the utility of our method, which provides a foundation for the inheritance analysis of quantitative and viability traits.     

江苏汉族人生长激素受体基因多态性研究

为了解生长激素受体(GHR)基因多态性在江苏汉族人群中的分布,通过多重PCR及PCR-RFLP的方法对269例江苏地区正常汉族人进行GHR基因3个位点的多态性分析,并与文献中报道的其它种族和地区的人群进行比较分析.结果显示江苏地区汉族正常人群中GHR基因型以fl/fl、I/L、P/P发生频率最高,这种分布在男女之间没有差异,与其它地区汉族人比较没有明显差异,与日本人差异也不明显,而与法国、俄罗斯人差异明显.研究表明,GHR基因3个位点多态性在不同种族之间分布存在着明显的差异,这种差异有可能是导致不同种族间人体测量学差异及对一些疾病的易感性及对药物的反应性不同的因素之一.     

求解背包问题的并行混合遗传算法

针对基本遗传算法在求解大规模问题时，收敛速度缓慢、容易早熟的现象，借鉴生物区域性进化的原理，设计了一种基于星型迁移策略的并行混合遗传算法（Parallel Hybrid Genetic Algorithm，简称PHGA）．该算法采用高效的超贪心算子进行解码，使遗传进化过程从多个平均适应度较高的文明群体开始进化，并采用定期将各群体的最优个体输出给其他群体，使得最优个体共享，促进所有群体共同进化的共产主义迁移策略．在PVM环境下，对背包问题进行求解的实验，已取得超线性的加速比，并改进了解质量．     

山西的人口问题及其可持续发展

人口的发展受社会、政治、经济的制约,同时它又对社会发展起促进或延缓的作用。目前我省人口的持续增长与人口老化,给我省经济和社会的发展带来了负面影响,出现了一系列的人口问题。解决人口问题的关键是实施人口的可持续发展,即人口的发展不仅要同社会经济的发展相适应,而且要同资源利用和环境保护相协调。     

陕西省非农人口分布的空间自相关特征分析

目的从全域和局域两个角度对陕西省非农人口分布的空间结构形态进行探讨。方法采用空间自相关分析方法。结果发现陕西省非农人口分布在整体上呈显著的空间正相关,而在关中、陕南、陕北3个区域则呈现不同的空间关联结构。结论分析方法能更清楚地揭示出陕西省非农人口的空间分布模式,即呈关中地区密度高,陕南和陕北地区密度较低的不平衡局面,同时,各区县非农人口密度大的区域和密度小的区域在空间上呈现一定的积聚性特征。     

Scanning for sisnatures of geosraphically restricted selection based on population genomics analysis

Natural selection, as the driving force of human evolution, has direct impact on population differentiation. However, it is still unclear to what extent the genetic differentiation has been caused by natural selection. To explore this question, we performed a genome-wide scan with single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） data from the International HapMap Project. Single locus FsTanalysis was applied to assess the frequency difference among populations in autosomes. Based on the empirical distribution of FsT, we identified 12669 SNPs correlating to population differentiation and 1853 candidate genes subjected to geographic restricted natural selection. Further interpretation of gene ontogeny revealed 121 categories of biological process with the enrichments of candidate genes. Our results suggest that natural selection may play an important role in human population differentiation. In addition, our analysis provides new clues as well as research methods for our understanding of population differentiation and natural selection.     

苍山洱海地区农田蜘蛛种群结构及优势种动态分析

报道了云南省大理苍山洱海地区农田蜘蛛16科40属59种,其中优势种有7种:星豹蛛Padorsa astrigera、拟环纹豹蛛P.pseudoannulata、黑微蛛Erigone atra、浅斑近微蛛Eperigone fredeorum、额高蛛Gnathonariumsp.、叉斑齿螯蛛Enoplognatha caricis和棒络新妇Nephila clavata.研究结果表明:随着季节的变化,优势种的种群结构呈现上下波动趋势.     

温度对激光场引起的纳米管声子增益影响

讨论了强激光场下单壁纳米管的声子增益效应. 采用含时微扰方法计算了不同温度下声子占据数随时间的变化率(声子增益系数). 计算结果表明,在强激光场下纳米管中的声子占据数随时间非线性增加,增益系数与温度和激光场强都有关系. 随着温度升高,声子增益系数迅速减小;在确定的温度情况下,激光场强越强,声子增益效应越明显,并对这个现象给出了合理的物理解释.     

苏南地区成年人群众体育现状的调查分析

从苏南地区成年人体育活动的价值观念、体育人口、体育活动内容、活动场所等方面进行分析,找出存在的规律,指导成年人进行体育健身,为构建群众体育健身服务体系的各项量化指标奠定基础。