Three new species of misophrioid copepods from oceanic islands

Three new species of misophrioid copepods are described from anchialine habitats on oceanic islands. Expansophria galapagensis n.sp. is described from two localities on Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Speleophria campaneri n.sp. from Ngamduk Cave, Angaur Island, Palau and S. scottodicarloi n.sp. from Chalk Cave on Bermuda.     

基于托达罗模型的辽宁沿海经济带农村人力资源转移模式

运用托达罗基本分析模型分别从宏观和微观两个层面研究辽宁沿海经济带农村人力资源转移问题,分析农村人力资源状况、城乡收入差距、总体就业形势等因素以及教育水平、文化差异、心里舒适度等个人心理成本因素的影响.在托达罗分析模型的基础上,结合辽宁沿海经济带整体开发背景,提出坚持政府推动和市场主导相结合、增强城市吸纳能力和扩大在农业(农村)内部就业相结合的人力资源转移方向,构建辽宁沿海经济带农村人力资源转移的基本模式.     

江苏盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统健康评价

以生态系统健康及压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型作为研究方法,根据江苏盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统的特点,通过直接从地理信息数据及其处理数据中提取相关指标,建立了一套湿地生态系统健康实时评价的模型,揭示了盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统健康状况的空间分布规律。结果表明：（1）盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统健康状态良好的占22 %,相对一般的占67 %;健康状态较差的占11 %;（2）王家槽港—老坝港段湿地健康状况最好,生态健康指数达087,斗龙港—四卯酉港段湿地健康状况最差,生态健康指数为032;（3）盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统健康状况退化的最主要原因是围垦和工农业污染。     

磷酸盐在大连湾时空分布的数值模拟研究

大连湾由于接受附近大量的工业和生活废水造成海域严重污染．影响大连湾水质的主要污染物之一为总磷．为此应用数值模型对磷酸盐的时空分布进行了模拟研究．验证的模型结果较好地再现了磷酸盐的时空变化．模拟结果显示,在空间分布上,磷酸盐集中在排污口附近区域,最大值出现在15^#监测点上;随季节变化,在夏季磷酸盐浓度最低为0．011mg／L,4月份达到高峰值0．22mg／L．陆源废水排放位置是影响磷酸盐浓度空间分布的主要因素．由模型计算结果得出的磷酸盐时空变化规律有助于大连湾海岸区域水质污染防治．     

河口海岸侵蚀研究进展

从岸滩侵蚀的过程和机理、侵蚀模式-模型、侵蚀管理和保护对策等三个方面介绍了国内外近10多年来河口海岸侵蚀研究的进展,并以典型事例分析了我国日益严峻的河口海岸侵蚀状况.在此基础上提出了深入开展我国河口海岸侵蚀研究的四点建议：加强对人为因素引起的侵蚀的研究;把岸与滩和岸与槽的侵蚀结合起来研究;高度重视三个大三角洲岸滩侵蚀研究;加强现场观测.     

Factors influencing anuran distribution in coastal dune wetlands in southern Brazil

We investigated the potential role of hydroperiod and habitat structural complexity as explanatory factors defining richness, abundance and spatial and temporal distribution of anurans in wetlands of coastal dunes. This survey was performed in 15 wetlands along the Atlantic coastal zone of southern Brazil. We identified 10 anuran species (nine in the adult and eight in the tadpole stage) distributed in seven genera from five families. The adult richness and abundance varied among the hydroperiod classes, but without temporal variations. Both tadpole richness and abundance varied temporally and both were influenced by hydroperiod. Adult anuran composition was associated with dry months and wetland area, whereas tadpole composition was associated with emergent and floating macrophytes, wetland area and vegetation cover. This study identified the importance of habitat structural complexity and hydroperiod in spatial–temporal distribution models of anurans.     

Accurate localization and excision of genomic islands in four strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas fluorescens</Emphasis>

Mobile genomic islands (GIs) can be excised from the chromosome, then form a circular intermediate and be reintegrated into the chromosome by the GI internal integrase. Some mobile GIs can also be transferred into a new receptor cell by transformation, conjugation, or transduction. The action sites of the integrase are usually flanked direct repeats (DRs) of the GIs. Accurate localization of the flanking sequences is a precondition for determining the mobility of the GI. Mobile GIs are generally associated with transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Based on the correlation between flanking sequences and tRNA sequences, the flanking sequences of 11 putative mobile GIs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, P. aeruginosa PA14, P. fluorescens Pf-5 and P. fluorescens Pf0-1 were identified. Among the 11 GIs, Pf0-1GI-1 is responsible for benzoate degradation. PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3, and Pf5GI-4 were confirmed experimentally to be excised from a chromosome to form a circular intermediate. The action sites of the integrases are these GIs direct repeats. Due to distinct DRs, cutting sites for the internal integrase of PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3 and Pf5GI-4 were determined outside the T-loop of the tRNA^Gly gene, outside the anticodon loop of the tRNA^Ser gene and tRNA^Lys gene, and at the asymmetric 3′-end of the tRNA^Leu gene, respectively. PAO1GI-1 and other mobile GIs may be transferred into many different strains that belong to different phyla because of the clear flanking sequences. This study describes basic information about the action sites of the integrases, assesses the mobility of GIs, and can help design and transfer mobile GIs to candidate strains.     

Subspeciation or none? The hardun in the Aegean (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae: Laudakia stellio)

A study aimed at testing the contested validity of the subspecies Laudakia stellio daani yielded novel insights into the essence of subspecies. We examined morphologically museum specimens from Greece, Aegean islands, and Anatolia (n?=?118; not all could be used in all analyses). Beyond the conventional mensural, meristic and qualitative characters we quantified 14 coloration characters, thus totalling 34 characters (including sex). Biometry was statistically analysed within and between the two geographically defined presumed subspecies, L. s. daani and L. s. stellio. Excluding or including broken‐tailed specimens changed the outcome of tests. Significant minor directional asymmetry occurred in one of four character‐taxon combinations. Phenetic cluster analysis poorly separated the two presumed subspecies when all characters, including those with discordant variation, were included; after selection of characters, the separation improved. Some biometric characters distinguish the two presumed subspecies, confirming their validity. The associations of significant inter‐character correlations differed between the two subspecies. Additionally, the two differed in parameters reflecting selection pressures and social structure: L. s. stellio is more colourful than L. s. daani; its sexual dimorphism is mainly chromatic, versus mensural in L. s. daani; and its population seems to include many males with underdeveloped callous scales, presumably socially subordinate, versus very few in L. s. daani.     

基于log2logistic 概率分布的近海水质组合预测方法研究

通过多种预测方法的综合运用,提出一种依据环境监测数据的近海水质组合预测方法,力求在降低计算难度的同时,提高预测精度.首先,依据入海水体的情况,采用BP神经网络法对近海水质进行因果型预测,预测平均误差为26.46%;其次,采用傅立叶8次级数对近海水质历史数据进行拟合,并将其延伸对近海水质进行类比型预测,平均误差为38.33%;最后,确定近海水质数据符合log-logistic的概率密度函数,提出将上述两种预测结果的概率密度作为其组合权重的近海水质组合预测方法,平均误差降低为21.20%.应用表明,该组合预测方法避免了机理性研究对众多基础数据的要求,原理简单、实用性强,能够为环境管理提供决策支持.     

连云港近岸海域底栖动物群落组成及多样性特征

在2005年秋对连云港的大型碱厂近海、港区近海和核电站近海的底栖动物进行取样调查，对比研究了不同强干扰环境下底栖动物群落组成及多样性特征， 分析了调查海域环境污染状况.研究表明： 多毛类和软体动物在三个海域中都为优势种类，分别占42.703%，51.352%，56.03%和46.085%，38.145%，32.034%；Shannon-Wiener 指数和均匀度指数的平均值均属核电站海域最大， 分别为3.184和0.868，最小为碱厂海域；丰富度指数的平均值属港区海域最大，为1.416，最小仍为碱厂海域；底栖动物栖息密度值与沉积物中值粒径之间大致呈相反关系；三个海域的28个调查站位中，JC01站底栖动物群落结构受到干扰稍大.