混凝土多轴应力状态下的徐变研究

在搜集国内外有关资料的基础上，通过对混凝土在多轴应力作用下的徐变与强度关系分析，说明在多轴应力状态下不能简单地采用叠加原理。展示了新的三轴徐变量测仪器及其徐变试验成果以及2组多轴与单轴应力状态下的徐变恢复试验成果，并对试验数据进行比较分析，得到多轴应力状态下徐变恢复与应力大小以及持荷时间之间的规律，证实了多轴应力状态下的徐变恢复与已经产生的压缩徐变有密切的关系。     

自然循环余热锅炉动态仿真研究

建立自然循环余热锅炉的动态模型并进行仿真,对研究余热锅炉的动态特性具有重要意义。引入容性环节与阻性环节相结合的方法,对自然循环余热锅炉的关键部件进行更为合理的划分,解决了各部件模块间的可连接性问题;从对象工作机理出发,将汽包水面下工质集总成具有一定干度的汽水混合物,从而简化了汽包建模仿真的复杂度。利用所建模型对联合循环中燃机和汽机变工况时余热锅炉的动态特性进行了仿真研究,结果不但证实了模型的有效性,并且可以满足更大范围的动态仿真要求,可以为各类锅炉建模仿真的参考模型。     

Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷脱氢芳构化反应——催化剂蒸汽处理的影响

对机械混合法制备的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂进行蒸汽后处理,利用XRD、XPS等表征催化剂的晶相结构、Mo物种的分散度,在关联催化剂活性评价基础上,研究了催化剂的蒸气处理过程对Mo物种的分散度及其芳构化反应性能的影响.结果表明,机械混合法制备的催化剂上,Mo物种主要以微晶的形式分布在分子筛的外表面,由于缺少分子筛孔道择形保护,便于积炭副反应的发生.经高温蒸气处理后,催化剂上Mo物种的分散度显著提高,有较多的Mo物种迁移至分子筛的孔道内,并与B酸发生强相互作用生成钼氧二聚体,有效地增强了催化剂的抗积炭能力.因此,蒸气处理的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的芳烃选择性和催化稳定性较传统机械混合法制备的催化剂有明显提高.     

阜新盆地王营-刘家煤层气藏成藏机理

王营-刘家煤层气藏是阜新盆地最具开发前景的两个煤层气藏.从成藏条件(包括煤层空间展布、资源丰度、储层特征、封闭条件)和成藏过程(煤层气的形成和地下水动力学特征)两个方面对其成藏机理进行了系统探讨.提出:(1)王营-刘家煤层气藏主要以多煤层、巨厚煤层为特征.煤层气含量在6～10 m3/t左右,资源丰度巨大;(2)这两个煤层气藏形成于古近纪,新近纪至今为调整改造阶段,二者的边界为平安F2断层;(3)早白垩世末期主煤层就已经成熟并开始生烃(R0=0.5%～0.8%).次生热成因、次生生物成因气并存.喜山期的岩浆活动造成煤的接触变质并发生二次生烃,但影响有限;(4)该煤层气藏形成后的调整与改造都利于煤的储气能力增加;(5)岩墙的存在沟通了所有含水层和煤层,从而造成多煤层统一成藏.图5,参12.     

Authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in sediments of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea and their implications for methane flux and gas hydrate formation

This is a report of the study of the authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in a sediment core (NH-1) collected on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, where other geo-physical and geochemical evidence seems to suggest gas hydrate formation in the sediments. The study has led to the findings: (1) the pyrite content in sediments was relatively high and its grain size relatively large compared with that in normal pelagic or hemipelagic sediments; (2) the shallowest depth of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content maximum was at 437.5 cm (>2 μmol/g), which was deeper than that of the authigenic pyrite content maximum (at 141.5-380.5 cm); (3) δ 34S of authigenic pyrite was positive (maximum: 15‰) at depth interval of 250-380 cm; (4) the positive δ 34S coincided with pyrite enrichment. Compared with the results obtained from the Black Sea sediments by Jorgen-sen and coworkers, these observations indicated that at the NH-1 site, the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) would be or once was at about 437.5-547.5 cm and the relatively shallow SMI depth suggested high upward methane fluxes. This was in good agreement with the results obtained from pore water sulfate gradients and core head-space methane concentrations in sediment cores collected in the area. All available evidence suggested that methane gas hydrate formation may exist or may have existed in the underlying sediments.     

微细直管内甲烷/氧气燃烧的实验和数值模拟

为了解微小燃烧室的工作特点,建立了微细直管的实验系统,采用氧气和甲烷气体进行了2个混合比的燃烧实验,实时采集壁面的温度分布。同时考虑微细直管内的燃烧、流动,以及与外界的换热,采用三维数值模拟方法对该微细直管燃烧室进行了数值计算,数值模拟结果与实验结果比较一致。研究结果表明,微细直管的内径较小,充分燃烧需要很长的微细直管;微细直管与外界的换热量很大,占总燃烧放热的40%左右,其中辐射换热量最大,占总换热量的70%,燃烧室需要采用低发射率的材料来减小辐射散热损失。     

窄间隙介质阻挡放电转化甲烷的研究

在常温常压无催化剂条件下,对介质阻挡放电甲烷与氧气的合成进行了研究.试验了原料气体总流量、氧的体积分数和激励电压等参数对甲烷转化率、甲醇及C2H4收率的影响,并研究了不同氧的体积分数下甲烷转化率和消耗功率的关系.甲烷和氧气的总流量为1 000 mL/min时,CH4转化率保持在70%以上,最高达到81.1%;氧气的加入提高了甲醇的收率,当氧的体积分数为18.26%时甲醇收率达到12.33%;激励电压在1 850~1 900 V时,CH4转化率、甲醇和C2H4的收率均出现了最大值;随着消耗功率的减少,CH4转化率也随之降低.     

两种新型石油磺酸盐基复合驱油剂的研制

为提高驱油剂降低油水界面张力的能力,提高原油的采收率,在研究了石油磺酸盐表面活性剂表面活性的基础上,研制了改性纳米二氧化硅-石油磺酸盐和磺酸盐型Gemini-石油磺酸盐两种复合驱油剂,采用TX-500界面张力仪考察了两种复合驱油剂降低胜利油田油水界面张力的能力。研究表明,在一定的浓度条件下,石油磺酸盐能降低油水界面张力至1×10-2mN.m-1,改性纳米二氧化硅-石油磺酸盐复合驱油剂能降低油水界面张力至3.2×10-3mN.m-1,磺酸盐型Gemini-石油磺酸盐复合驱油剂能降低油水界面张力至(4~6)×10-4mN.m-1。与传统驱油剂相比,两种复合驱油剂降低油水界面张力的能力显著提高。     

Enhancing Phosphorous Recovery in a Novel Biofilter System

Developing new techniques to remove and recover phosphorous simultaneously from wastewaters is very important for sustainable utilization of phosphorous resource and prevention of eutrophication. The feasibility of phosphorus bioaccumulation in a novel continuous alternating anaerobic /aerobic biofilter and benefits of such accumulation for its further recovery as magnesium ammonia phosphate （MAP） were studied. The system was operated for seven months and employed the atomic absorption spectrophotometer （AAS） method to analyze the distribution change of magnesium and calcium with phosphate in the biofilter during that period. The benefits of utilizing the biofilter system to accumulate phosphorous ＆ magnesium and suppress calcium simultaneously to phosphorous recovery as MAP were explained with the aid of chemical equilibrium models. The improved phosphorus recovery from 42% to 82% was approved in the recovery experiments and the recovery products mainly as MAP were evidenced and characterized with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） . The study provides references for designing and operating the novel alternating anaerobic /aerobic biofilter for phosphorus bioaccumulation and recovery.     

基于缩减到53(20-72)步的SHA-1的H2-MAC的等价密钥恢复攻击

H2-MAC是Kan Yasuda在ISC 2009上提出的一种新型的MAC结构,与HMAC的不同之处仅在于H-MAC用固定的常数IV代替HMAC的外部密钥,计算MAC值时只访问一次种子密钥,在保持HMAC优势的基础上简化密钥管理。文中首次给出基于缩减到53 (20-72)步的SHA-1的H2-MAC的等价密钥恢复攻击,并进行一般性伪造攻击的理想复杂度。