The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

Influence of overpressure on coalbed methane reservoir in south Qinshui basin

In theory, from the high temperature and pressure during the coal generating gas to the present low temperature and pressure of coalbed methane reservoir, the accumulation of coalbed methane was from oversaturated to undersaturated. The gas content of the coalbed methane reservoir in the south Qinshui basin was 12-35.7 m3/t. According to the isotherm and measured gas content of No. 3 coal, the adsorbed gas content in some wells was highly saturated and oversaturated, which was hard to theoretically understand. In addition, there were no thermogenic and biogenic gases at the late stage in the south Qinshui basin. This article proposed that the overpressure was the main reason for the present high saturation of the coalbed methane reservoir. In early Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was characterized by overpressure and high saturation caused by gas generation from coal measure source rocks. In late Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was rapidly uplifted, and with the temperature and pressure decreasing, the pressure condition of adsorbed gas changed from overpressure to normal-under pressure, which resulted in the high saturation and gas content in the present coalbed methane reservoir.     

黑龙江省煤炭城市地质灾害及防治对策

论述了黑龙江省煤炭城市地质灾害的类型、成因及危害 ;并针对目前地质灾害现状提出了相应的防治对策 .     

陕西煤中硒的环境地球化学特征

研究了陕西的各成煤期煤中Se的含量、分布规律、赋存状态、采煤燃煤环境影响及燃煤Se脱除等环境地球化学问题.对Se含量及分布规律研究的结果表明,不同地区、不同成煤期煤中Se的含量有较大的差异,表现在随着成煤时代由老到新,煤化程度由高到低,煤中Se的含量减少;从南到北,煤中Se含量从高到低.赋存状态分析表明,煤中Se的含量与成煤环境、煤中S含量有着一定的对应关系,煤中S越高,尤其是黄铁矿硫的含量越高,煤中Se的含量也越大,说明在中、高S煤中,Se主要赋存于黄铁矿中,而在特低、低S煤中Se的赋存状态与有机质有关.燃烧实验表明,煤中Se会随着煤炭的开采和利用进入表生环境,从而对表生生态环境构成一定的影响,钙基固硫剂可抑制燃煤Se的排放.     

粉煤灰的理化性质及其资源化的现状与展望

粉煤灰是火力发电厂的主要废弃物，其产量大、占地多，易形成扬尘，并污染地下水，造成严重的环境问题。本文介绍了粉煤灰的物理化学性质及特点，及其国内外的资源化利用现状，并从工业建筑、农业利用和环境影响与污染治理的三个方面做了分析与探讨，最后对粉煤灰的未来利用发展作了展望。     

一种关系数据库中基于云模型关联规则的提取

为了发现有效的关联规则，属性在比较高的水平被范化，允许相邻属性值或者语言项的重量．这种软划分可以映射人类的想法，同时使发现的知识鲁棒．利用云模型的理论与方法求解数量关联问题，给出了一种云关联规则的定义，并提出了基于云模型理论支持度和置信度的计算方法，最后提出了一种提取算法Cloud model A．这种方法较好地软化了数量属性论域的划分边界，从而使得挖掘出的云关联规则更容易被人理解。     

基于多目标规划的动力配煤软件

动力配煤是比较符合我国国情的洁净煤技术，其关键在于方案优化。本文以多目标规划的优化计算方法为依据，开发出适合于煤炭企业常规动力配煤的配煤软件，为煤炭企业动力配煤提供了依据。该软件人机界面友好，使用方便，可以对方案进行人工修正，并设有在线检测出口与其它数据库系统及Internet的连接，应用实践表明软件运行效果良好，适合煤炭企业实际生产要求。     

回旋区煤粉燃烧过程与辐射图像的关联性

高炉喷吹煤粉的喷煤枪出口到回旋区中心是煤粉燃烧的关键区域，为建立高炉回旋区煤粉燃烧与辐射图像之间的关联关系，以燃烧过程数值模拟和辐射图像信息与燃烧空间温度分布的关联性为基础，建立了二维辐射图像信息与高炉风口回旋区内三维辐射能的关系。提出将辐射图像信息作为煤粉燃烧过程数值模拟的辐射边界条件，借助燃烧过程数值模拟技术来估计燃烧介质辐射特性参数的非均匀分布，得到了高炉回旋区煤粉燃烧过程数值模拟与辐射图像处理相结合的方法，提出了一种利用二维成像技术测量三维温度场的方法。     

Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

快速测定煤发热量的数学模型及其应用

用回归分析的方法，对影响煤发热量的诸因素进行了探讨，建立起回归法的数学模型，继而提出了用回归法测定煤发热量的新方法。