新型酸凝豆腐制作工艺的优化

研究混合乳酸菌发酵豆浆制得酸凝豆腐.研究了豆浆浓度、培养时间、培养温度、接种量、食用胶对制备酸凝豆腐的影响.通过单因素实验和正交实验确定制备酸凝豆腐的最佳条件:可溶性固形物含量为12.5%,接种量(菌种CYY-122与SVV-21的比例为1∶2)为豆浆体积的4.0%,卡拉胶的添加量为1.4%,培养时间为5,h,培养温度为39,℃.在该条件下酸凝豆腐的凝胶强度为25.6,g/cm2,持水率为69.82%,水分含量为84.34%,蛋白质含量为6.67%,呈白色、乳白色,有豆香味,无异味,块形完整,软硬适中,有弹性,均符合GB/T 22106—2008的要求.     

超声波强化混凝处理太湖高藻水效能研究

针对藻类在常规水处理过程中难以被有效去除的现状,采用超声预处理对太湖高藻水混凝过程进行强化.研究结果表明:在20mg/L的聚合氯化铝投加量条件下,采用功率为100W的超声预处理15s可强化混凝效果,有效去除90%以上藻细胞,降低沉后水浊度;低频条件下超声频率并非藻类去除效果的决定性因素;超声总能量和时间影响强化混凝效果,功率高于200W或处理时间长于30s会影响混凝效果.在过量条件下进行超声预处理会造成胞内物质及藻毒素的严重释放,实际应用中须合理确定其作用参数.     

聚合物对微细粒蛇纹石的絮凝作用及机理

通过浊度法沉降实验、Zeta电位测试和红外光谱测试,考察羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)3种聚合物对金川硫化铜镍矿主要脉石矿物即蛇纹石的絮凝作用,并对上述不同类型聚合物在矿物表面的吸附机理进行分析。研究结果表明:CMC和PAM在蛇纹石表面的吸附以物理作用为主,而PAAS能够通过化学作用吸附在蛇纹石表面,进而通过聚合物分子的架桥作用使蛇纹石微细颗粒发生絮凝;颗粒间静电相互作用对聚合物的絮凝效果影响显著,静电斥力越小,絮凝效果越好;反之静电斥力越大,絮凝效果越差。     

The effect of a secretion-enhanced heavy chain on improving intein-based dual-vector co-delivery of a full-length factor VIII gene

Treatment of hemophilia A by gene therapy is adversely affected by inefficient FVIII secretion and the large FVIII gene, which is difficult to package in the promising adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Inhibited secretion of FVIII is caused mainly by inefficient secretion of its heavy chain. Previously, we have employed a protein splicing-based dual-vector to co-transfer a B-domain-deleted FVIII (BDD-FVIII) gene, suggesting that the light chain, covalently ligated to a co-expressed heavy chain can improve the secretion of spliced BDD-FVIII. However, its level of secretion was affected by inefficient secretion the heavy chain. Here, we studied the effect of a mutant heavy chain with L303E/F309S substitutions, which enhance FVIII secretion on the heavy chain itself and spliced FVIII when using a protein splicing-based split-delivery of a full-length FVIII gene. Eukaryotic vectors expressing Ssp DnaB intein-fused mutant heavy and light chains were transiently co-transfected into cultured COS-7 cells. A spliced FVIII protein was seen in co-transfected cells by Western blot analysis. The heavy chain was secreted by cells transfected with the mutant heavy chain gene alone at (39±11) ng/mL and this secretion increased to (123±13) ng/mL when cells were co-transfected with the light chain gene, which was greater than the secretion of wild-type heavy chain. The amount of spliced FVIII in the culture supernatant of co-transfected cells was (86±14) ng/mL, with an activity of (0.61±0.08) IU/mL, which was greater than that of wild-type FVIII co-transfected cells. Spliced FVIII and bioactivity were also detected in the combined culture supernatant of cells individually transfected with mutant heavy and light chain gene at a higher level than that of combined wild-type heavy and light chain transfections. This suggested that the heavy chain with improved secretion markedly increased the efficacy of protein splicing-based split delivery of the full-length FVIII gene using a dual-vector. These results encourage the transfer of this technology to an animal model using a dual-AAV vector.     

GM(1,1)和GM(1,N)联合模型在自来水厂自动加矾系统预测中的应用

通过引入自相关分析,将GM(1,N)模型预测精度高的优点和GM(1,1)所需统计数据数量少的优点,两者有机结合形成一个联合预测模型,运用于自来水厂自动加矾系统,进一步提高灰色模型的预测精度,并证明了该方法在实际应用中的可行性.     

安塞油田酸化返排液的H_2O_2氧化—中和—絮凝回注处理研究

针对安塞油田酸化返排液具有pH低、Fe2+含量高的特点,以H2O2为氧化剂,聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为絮凝剂,采用化学氧化除铁—中和—絮凝的处理工艺对其进行处理,使处理后废水的各项水质指标能达到油田回注水的水质标准,并确定了各药剂的适宜投加量.结果表明:在H2O2、PAC和PAM投加量分别为0.2%体积分数、40 mg/L和3.0 mg/L的条件下,处理后酸化废水中悬浮固体(SS)由300～500 mg/L降低至10 mg/L,油含量由450.55 mg/L降至13.78 mg/L,总铁质量浓度和平均腐蚀速率均达到安塞油田回注水的水质要求.     

阴离子对混凝去除水中铜绿微囊藻的影响

以原水中常见的微藻铜绿微囊藻(Microcysis aeruginosa)为目标物, 研究了聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝除藻的效果及水中共存阴离子对混凝除藻的影响. 结果表明, pH为7~8时, 投加20 mg/L PAC剩余浊度降至0.80 NTU, 除藻率可达84.0%. 共存阴离子对混凝去除铜绿微囊藻的影响表现为: Cl－和H2PO4－对混凝除藻的抑制作用随着离子浓度的增加而增强, 最大可使除藻率分别降低47.6%和23.6%; SO2－4和HCO－3对混凝除藻的抑制作用随离子浓度的增加先增加后降低, 最大可使除藻率分别降低31.7%和50.2%; NO3－和F－对混凝除藻的影响较小.     

氯化铝和聚合氯化铝(PAC)在黄河水中的混凝效果与残留铝含量及组分

研究了初始pH和投加量对AlCl₃和聚合氯化铝(PAC)在黄河水混凝过程中混凝效果的影响, 并对出水中的残留铝进行了分离试验. 结果表明, PAC 对黄河水混凝效果更好, 且在碱性条件下对初始pH 改变较少. 在投加量为15 mg/L、溶液初始pH 为6.0 时, AlCl₃ 和PAC 对黄河水中浊度、UV₂₅₄ 和溶解性有机碳(DOC)去除率较高. 2 种混凝剂在黄河水处理中最佳投加量是15 mg/L, 最佳初始pH是6.0; 出水中有机物大部分是亲水性的, 增加投加量以及中性和偏碱性条件利于去除疏水性有机物; PAC 中的铝不易残留余铝率较低, 2 种混凝剂中的铝在投加量11~15 mg/L、初始pH 为8.0 左右残留较少. 混凝出水中残留铝中大部分是总溶解性铝, 总溶解性铝中溶解性有机铝成分最大, 溶解性单体铝主要以无机单体铝为主. 在投加量10~15 mg/L,初始pH 为7.0~8.5 下可有效控制残留铝含量. PAC 混凝出水溶解性有机铝含量较高, 其他几种组分残留铝较低, 且能有效降低毒性较大的溶解性铝和溶解性单体铝的含量.     

水力循环澄清池的改进及应用

文章论述了水力循环澄清池的工作特点、改进方法，并举例说明了改进方法的使用。     

对位芳族聚酰胺纤维的新进展

本文阐述了凯夫拉(Kevlar)、特瓦纶(Twaron)、特科诺拉(Technora)的产生和发展以及诺梅克斯Ⅲ(Nomex Ⅲ)、阿莫斯(Armos)等新品种的特性,重点介绍了近期在纺丝工艺、纤维的改性、表面处理和复合材料诸方面的新进展。