影响华南西部的登陆热带气旋的若干气候特征

利用1950-1999年台风年鉴资料,结合广西89个测站的降水资料,统计和分析了登陆影响华南西部热带气旋的若干气候特征.结果表明,进入华南西部的热带气旋数占登陆华南沿海地区总数的75%;年均有1.9个热带风暴级别以上的热带气旋进入广西,其中强热带风暴强度以上的占84%.进入华南西部和登陆华南地区的热带气旋都具有显著的年际变化特征.不同月份、不同热带气旋登陆后的维持时间差异极大,平均维持时间的长短与登陆后12 h内强度的衰减程度密切相关.热带气旋引起暴雨的多寡和低压环流在广西境内的滞留时间成正相关,而与登陆时的强度没有明显的关系.     

Evaluation of mental fatigue based on multipsychophysiological parameters and kernel learning algorithms

Mental fatigue is an extremely sophisticated phenomenon, which is influenced by the environment, the state of health, vitality and the capability of recovery. A single parameter cannot fully describe it. In this paper, the effects of long time sustained low-workload visual display terminal （VDT） task on psychology are investigated by subjective self-reporting measures. Then power spectral indices of HRV, the P300 components based on visual oddball and wavelet packet parameters of EEG are combined to analyze the impacts of prolonged visual display terminal （VDT） activity on autonomic nervous system and central nervous system. Finally, wavelet packet parameters of EEG are extracted as the features of brain activity in different mental fatigue states. Kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） and support vector machine （SVM） are jointly applied to differentiate two states. The statistic results show that the level of both subjective sleepiness and fatigue increase significantly from pre-task to post-task, which indicate that the long time VDT task induces the mental fatigue to the subjects. The predominant activity of autonomic nervous system of subjects turns to the sympathetic activity from parasympathetic activity after the task. The P300 components and wavelet packet parameters of EEG are strongly related with mental fatigue. Moreover, the joint KPCA-SVM method is able to effectively reduce the dimensionality of the feature vectors, speed up the convergence in the training of SVM and achieve a high recognition accuracy （87%） of mental fatigue state. Multipsychophysiological measures and KPCA-SVM method could be a promising tool for the evaluation of mental fatigue.     

农田土壤有效态微量元素的时空变化及其影响因素研究

对江苏省如皋市1982年和2002年两个年代土壤Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn等元素有效态含量的分析结果表明:在空间上,由于受土壤质地的影响,Cu、Mn、Zn等元素有效态含量以南部的长青沙系(黏质潮湿雏形土)和东部的白蒲系(壤质水耕人为土)含量较高,而含量较低的地方大多集中在如皋市中西部地区的桃园系(壤砂质潮湿雏形土)和磨头系(砂质潮湿雏形土)等土壤,但由于中西部地区土壤受渍水还原的影响,导致有效Fe在20年来有很明显的提高,甚至超过了东部和南部的广大地区;在时间上,近20年来,4种微量元素总体呈增长趋势,大部分地区增长明显,但位于如皋市东部的白蒲系土壤有效Fe、有效Mn和有效Zn和南部的长青沙系土壤有效Fe增长不明显.影响有效态微量元素含量随时间变化的内在原因主要是土壤性质的改变,如有机质含量的增长,土壤氧化还原环境的改变,pH的降低等,而近20年来土地利用和管理措施的变化改变了土壤性质,是影响有效态微量元素含量变化的外在原因.因此,根据土壤性质采取合理的土壤管理措施是农业生产过程中微量元素管理的关键.