No sex difference in the waveform of the pulse type electric fish,Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae)

Summary A communication signal in an African freshwater electric fish, its pulse-like Electric Organ Discharge (EOD), was investigated in order to determine whether inter- or intraindividual variability of the EOD waveform provides a putative cue for communication, in addition to the electric cues already identified. In contrast to an individual's highly stereotyped EODs showing extremely low variation (fig. 1), variability between individuals was considerable (fig. 2). The dependence of an individual's EOD duration on temperature was weak with a Q₁₀ of close to 1.5. In none of four quantitative EOD waveform measures can a sexual dimorphism be discerned (table).Gnathonemus petersii very likely relies on mechanisms other than discrimination of intraspecific EOD waveforms for mate recognition.     

Morphological variability and genetic diversity in five species of Skeletonema （Bacillariophyta）

Twelve strains of Skeletonema from Chinese coastal waters and another strain from the West Sea of Korea were examined using light microscopy （LM）, scanning and transmission electron microscopy （SEM, TEM）, and small subunit （SSU） rDNA sequence analysis. We identified four species of Skeletonema： S. marinoi Sarno et Zingone, S. subsalsum （A.Cleve） Bethge, S. dohrnii Sarno et Kooistra, S. trop- icum Cleve, as well as a Skeletonerna-like species. These are the first records of S. rnarinoi, S. dohrnii and S. subsalsurn in China. The Skeletonema-like species, MMDLS067, was isolated from the estuary of the Changjiang River. The morphologic and phylogenetic characteristics of this species are not correspond to those of any previously published Skeletonerna species. The intercalary fultoportula pro- cesses （IFPPs） has long open tubes, and the intercalary rimoportula process （IRP） is short and located inside the rim of the IFPPs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MMDL5630 clustered with S. tropicurn in the NJ and MP trees, but its IRPs differed from those of previously described specimens of S. tropicum. The IRP is partially open, with an elongated opening at the base of the tube, and is longer than the IFPPs. Some specimens of S. marinoi and S. dohrnii also have longer tubular IRPs than the IFPPs. Compared to pre- viously described specimens of S. rnar＆oi and S. dohrnii, these two specimens we identified have shorter IRPs. Our results reflect the ambiguity and diversity of Skeletonema taxonomy. They are also significant for the future identification and management of red tides caused by Skeletonerna in the seas around China.     

基于气候环境的浙江建筑设计措施分析

基于建筑所在地区的气候环境,在不借助机械设备条件下通过采用建筑气候设计措施,延长建筑室内环境的舒适时间、减少不利环境的出现几率,是当前建筑研究领域中一个重要课题.在广泛调查的基础上,得到浙江地区的中性温度,并以杭州为例,利用气候分析法对其气候环境进行分析,得到了杭州地区建筑最适宜采用的设计措施,以及可以实施建筑气候设计措施的日数,以供设计人员在以后的建筑设计中作为参考.     

人—气候—劳动相互作用关系的测定与分析

对机采面支柱工的劳动生理参数进行了现场实测，实验室模拟了气候负荷和劳动强度对作业人员的影响，分析得出了研究结果，并提出相应对策。     

日本新合纤的风格性能、发展过程及技术特征

80年代末期,由于高分子科学和化学纤维纺丝技术的进步,日本几家大的合纤企业相继向市场推出一大类风格新颖、手感柔软膨松、外观华贵高雅的全涤纶长丝或以涤长丝为主的织物,由于它们的性能深受消费者喜爱获得了“新合纤”的美称。介绍新合纤的风格性能、发展过程、技术特征及存在的问题。     

太平洋内区经向热输送的季节变化分析

为刻画整个太平洋内区经向热输送的基本特征及其季节变化,并初步探讨变化的原因,基于Argo温盐资料,利用P矢量法反演了太平洋的绝对地转流(AGC),并结合Ekman流,分析了年平均和季节平均的经向热输送。结果显示,在13°S~13°N,经向热输送主要由Ekman经向热输送控制,季节变化显著,且南北半球变化相反,北半球1-3月有北向输送最大值,8-10月当经向热输送转为南向时,Ekman经向热输送达到最小;南北太平洋经向热输送的季节变化存在显著的不对称特征,北太平洋的明显强于南太平洋,低纬度海域的明显大于高纬度海域。分析表明,经向热输送的季节变化与纬向风应力的变化直接相关,由于未能有效包含西边界流及赤道区域,对比前人的研究结果后推测,西边界流和赤道流在维持南北太平洋经向热输送的平衡中扮演了重要角色。     

需求不确定性对最小化成本和最大化利润报童问题的影响

运用应用概率中的随机占优和可变序研究需求不确定性对两类报童问题的影响,一类是经典的最小化成本报童问题,另一类是带有二次订货策略的最大化利润报童问题. 得到对应于两类报童问题的最优成本（最优利润）关于缺货惩罚费用（二次订货费用）的单调性,并从最优化和随机比较两个方面分析两类模型的等价性. 针对最大化利润报童问题,给出在分散序意义下比较系统最优利润的充分条件,并证明当二次订货费用小于或等于零售价格时,随机大需求导致较高的最优利润,但当二次订货费用大于零售价格时此结论不一定成立. 证明对任意二次订货费用,在二阶随机占优意义下系统最优利润随需求可变性增加而减小. 进一步,证明存在一类需求分布,当需求均值相等且二次订货费用大于某一固定值时,系统最优利润随需求可变性的增加而增加. 对最小化成本报童问题给出类似的结果. 数值例子验证了得到的研究结果.     

寒兰、墨兰花的表型结构分析

对寒兰(Cymbidium kanran)、墨兰(Cymbidium sinense)的花表型结构物征中所占比例较大的10个性状进行测量,分析寒兰与墨兰各种性状之间的频数分布与相关关系。分析得出花的各性状的变异系数相对较小、性状相对稳定,可作为分类学的依据。