Climatic regionalization mapping of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area,Australia

In this study,spatial analysis techniques were used to generate climatic zoning maps of the East Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA),Australia.Long term climate data were used to analyze and assess regional climatic variation by cluster analysis in a GIS environment.Based on thermal and moisture factors,four variables were chosen to develop climate zones.These variables include annual average rainfalls,annual average ETc,annual average Growing Day Degree (GDD) and daily average temperature generated from daily climate data of 36 years (1971-2006) on 12 local weather stations as the fundamental elements of regional climate characteristics.GIS-based spatial analysis models are used to map climate sub-regions from sets of climatic parameters derived from regional climate data sources.Two climate zoning schemes are presented by integration of spatial interpolation,spatial cluster analysis and climate indices methods.One scheme comes with the two climate zones of the West and the East based on spatial cluster analysis according to selected climatic variables,and the other comes with the three comprehensive hydro-thermal zones and the six hydro-thermal balance zones.     

The Nature of Linguistic Signs in Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics

The paper mainly discusses the nature of linguistic signs in Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics. In the book, Saussure promoted semiology and regarded language as a system of signs and expounded the basic features of language from the aspect of semiology. In Saussure’s opinion, one of the most important characteristics of linguistic signs is arbitrariness. Saussure regarded the arbitrariness of the sign asfirst principle.At the same time, Saussure also discussed the linear character of the linguistic ...     

Loess buried paleosols geosols welded paleosols pedocomplexes towards a global quaternary pedostratigraphy and paleoclimatic history

Micromorphological studies show that a comparision of the loess-paleosol sequence of the Karamaydan section, Central Asia, with the upper part of the Luochuan section, China, clearly indicates that for the Brunhes chron the sequence at Karamaydan is even more detailed than the corresponding section at Luochuan. Single paleosols at Luochuan correspond to pedocomplexes at Karamaydan; some pedocomplexes at Luochuan are represented by more detailed successions at Karamaydan (fig. 1). The loess-paleosol sequence at Karamaydan should therefore be regarded as a key sequence for reconstructing the climatic history of the Brunhes epoch. Correlation with the deep-sea oxygen isotope record of Bassinot et al. (1994), which includes an accurate astronomical time scale, allows a detailed chronostratigraphical subdivision of the loess-paleosol sequence in Karamaydan for the Brunhes chron. Mineralogical and clay mineralogical investigations show that there is little difference in the type and amount of pedogenic clay mineral formation between two Holocene soils and the paleosols in the Brunhes chron at Karamaydan. These results indicate that the climates of the interglacials represented by the B or Bt horizons of the buried paleosols were similar to that of the Holocene. In view of these results the Paleopedology Commission should develop a uniform terminology of mono- and polygenetic paleosols and pedostratigraphic units which can be used globally.     

层次聚类方法及其在气候跃变分析中的应用

针对经典气候跃变分析方法的存在的不足，并对有序样品的聚类方法引入统计显著性检验后，得到了一种研究气候跃变的层次聚类方法，此方法具有算法简单，统计意义明显，能获得不同层次上的跃变点的特点，应用此方法对北半球，云南省的昆明，蒙古，沾益进行了多层次的气候跃变研究，获得了一些有意义的结论。     

高山无公害蔬菜与平原一般蔬菜栽培和营养成分的比较

为了解高山无公害蔬菜营养的优劣及其原因，对高山无公害蔬菜与平原一般蔬菜的栽培和无机营养元素，蛋白质，脂肪，总糖，维生素及纤维等营养成分进行了分析比较，结果表明，4种高山无公害蔬菜的Ca,Fe,P .维生素和蛋白质含量均较高，这与高山气候－雾日雨量增多，增施有机肥和优良的环境质量密切相关，高山无公害蔬菜基地宜选山顶的缓坡地，山凹平地，宜种植地下茎，根用和果用蔬菜种类，其田块“三改”，施肥“五改”和生产与销售的“五个统一”管理均不同于平原一般蔬菜，发展高山无公害蔬菜具有广阔的前景和较高的经济效益，是高山区农民致富的途径之一。     

短额负蝗交尾,产卵与气候因子的关系

通过室内、外罩笼饲养及野外观察，发现短额负蝗（ＡｔｒａｃｔｏｍｏｒｐｈａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＩ．Ｂｏｌ．）在太原地区８月上旬为羽化始盛期，中旬为盛期，羽化后６ｄ～１２ｄ开始交尾，交尾后７ｄ左右开始产卵。短额负蝗交尾、产卵与温度、光照强度及时间都有密切关系。交尾比较集中的温度是２２℃～３０℃，光照强度为４０ｌｘ～２０００ｌｘ，１ｄ内交尾比较集中的时间在１２时～１７时。产卵比较集中的温度是２５℃～２９℃，光照度为２２５ｌｘ～３０００ｌｘ，１天内集中产卵的时间在１３时～１６时。     

膜上灌土壤水分特性空间变异性的概率统计分析

用经典的概率统计方法研究了膜上灌条件下土壤水分某些要素的空间变异性。分析结果表明，土壤水分各特性值近似为正态分布，其合理取样数不大于４０。     

能量合剂辅助治疗对扩张型心肌病心率变异性影响

目的能量合剂辅助治疗扩张型心肌病(DCM),观察其对心率变异性(HRV)、左室射血分数(EF值)、左室收缩末径(LVEDd)的影响。方法将DCM患者60例随机分成治疗组和对照组,各30例。对照组予以常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用能量合剂。所有患者治疗17 d后检测HRV、EF值、LVEDd值。结果治疗后两组HRV均升高,其中治疗组升高差值高于对照组,差别有统计学意义;治疗后两组EF值均升高,LVEDd值均降低,其中治疗组EF升高差值高于对照组,LVEDd降低差值优于对照组。结论能量合剂辅助治疗能提高DCM患者HRV,显著改善其射血分数及心脏大小,疗效优异。     

北部湾海雾气候特征及变化初步解释

利用广西北部湾典型地面气象观测站数据,全面分析广西北部湾地区轻雾、大雾的年际、年代际、逐月变化规律;并在此基础上利用气温和相对湿度多个气候因子分析北部湾海雾气候特征变化的可能原因。结果表明:广西北部湾地区多数站点轻雾发生频次呈增加趋势,其发生频次经过不同次数和幅度的波动。总体来说,多数站点轻雾20世纪70年代前为降低趋势,70年代后为增加趋势;各站点轻雾年代际变化规律波动较大。北部湾地区多数站点大雾发生频次呈减少趋势,较之于轻雾而言,其波动更频繁,周期更短。多数站点20世纪80年代前为增加趋势,80年代后为减少趋势;各站点大雾年代际变化规律波动也较大。各站点轻雾、大雾主要集中发生在每年在1~4月和12月,这5个月轻雾出现概率达53.9%~83.3%、大雾出现概率达80.1%~98.4%。北部湾地区温度的升高和大气湿度的降低是其轻雾日数增加和大雾日数减少的可能原因。     

Reconstructed index of summer monsoon dry-wet modes in East Asia for the last millennium

Monthly precipitation datasets collected at 160 stations in China as well as the monthly winds and humidity data derived from the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were used to construct the relationship between six summer dry-wet modes in eastern China and the summer monsoon airflow northward advance in East Asia. A millennial series of the monsoon dry-wet index (MDWI) was reconstructed based on Wang’s six summer dry-wet modes in eastern China since 950 AD. A high (low) index indicate...