贵州水稻气候资源及其种植区域划分

本文分析了贵州水稻气候资源和影响贵州水稻产量的主要气候问题,并在此基础上用热量和水分为指标,将全省划分成六个不同的水稻种植区,同时予以评述,从而为省内水稻专业化和区域化生产提供了气候依据。     

恐龙绝灭主因：性别的温度决定与气候剧变

许多爬行动物的性别由温度决定，经研究在现代龟鳖中尤为典型。恐龙具有与龟鳖类极其相似的繁殖习性，都是产卵于坑穴中并用沙土掩埋，靠阳光辐射温度使其孵化．因此可以推断恐龙的性别也并非由遗传基因控制，而与孵化期的气温有关：在高温时孵化为雌性，在低温时孵化为雄性．在白垩纪末全球发生气候剧变的情况下，由于气温过低，恐龙的后代中雄性占绝对优势，结果性别比例严重失调，使恐龙不能正常地完成繁衍活动，最终导致绝灭     

新生代陆桥的动物迁移与气候变化

各大陆的动物区系既有差别又有联系，构造运动曾是大陆联接和分离的原动力，动物通过“陆桥”的迁移实现了各大陆之间的交流。但在新生代大幅度的气候变化中，海平面升降是造成陆桥时断时合的重要原因，古生物证据显示了陆桥的动物迁移与气候变化有着严格一致的对应关系。在温室效应日益严重的今天，全球气候变暖带来的海平面上升必然迫使许多物种去试图改变它们的分布范围，最后的受害者也包括人类自己。因此，认识动物迁移与气候变化的关系具有十分重要的现实意义。     

广西龙胜里骆的森林气候资源分析与桂东北山地的开发利用

在广西龙胜县里骆林区进行１１年森林气候观测基础上，对低山区域杉木林气候和中山区域常绿阔叶林气候的光能，热量和水分资源进行分析，并计算了它们的植物气候生产力，提出对桂东北山地气候资源开发利用的四点建议：（１）提高光能利用率；（２）创造更适宜的生态气候环境，以更有效地利用热量资源；（３）中山区域的首要生产任务是：最大限度地保护和扩大非常丰富的水源，（４）引种（进）和推广适宜山地生态气候条件的树种和农作     

归一化植被指数与主要气候因子耦合关系研究

以我国归一化植被指数时间序列数据集和历年各气象台站气温和降水量等气候因子数据为基础,分析我国归一化植被指数、气温和降水量的时序变化特征,同时通过研究讨论我国归一化植被指数与气候因子之间的耦合关系.研究表明:MODIS-NDVI、气温、降水量三个因子的平均变化趋势相近,均表现出周期性.并且,MODISNDVI与气候因子具有正相关关系,气温影响降水量,而气温和降水量共同影响MODIS-NDVI,即影响植被长势和生物量的变化.     

河南省油茶气候适宜性研究

以信阳、新县、商城3站点为河南省的油茶适生地,对河南省68个站点油茶生育关键期的气候生态因子,应用相似距理论分析其与适生地的相似距离,并结合积温、日照、无霜期等因子确定了油茶在河南省的气候适宜种植区;用土壤pH值与类型等进行修正,得出河南省内油茶种植区域可以向北扩展到351°4′N的结论,为进一步扩大油茶种植面积,提高河南省植物液体能源战略储备能力提供依据.     

Climate in China during the four special periods in Holocene

Characteristics of temperature over China during the four special periods in the Holocene, i.e. the Megathermal, the Medieval Warm Period, the Little Ice Age and the Modem Warm Period, are analyzed. The Megath-ermal period was 8.5—3.0 kaBP.the maximum temperature appeared at about 5.5—6.0 ka and 7.0 kaBP, while the temperatures were about 2X1 above the average of the latest one hundred years. During the Medieval Warm Period, from the late 9th century to the 13th century, the temperatures were warmer over eastern China. Some maximum temperatures were close to the mean value in 1880s—1970s. However, the climate in the 12th century was cold. Over the west part of China, temperatures did not show the same features as that over the east except the moderate warmth appeared during the second half of the 9th century. There were five cold spells in China during the last millennium; in the early 12th, 14th and 16th centuries, the late of 15th century, the 17th and 19th centuries. In these cold periods, the last three spells can be considered as the Little Ice Age of China, the minimum of temperature anomaly was below - 1.01 and - 0.51 for the 10 years' and 30—50 years' mean respectively. The 20th century was the warmest in the last 12 centuries, and was 0.5t wanner than the last 1200 year's mean. During the last one hundred years, the warmest period appeared in 1920s—1940s, but the highest annual temperature occurred in 1998 in which the temperature anomaly was + 1.38t with respect to the mean temperaure of 1961s—1990s.     

太阳能被动蒸发风洞研制

随太阳辐射动态周期变化的空气温度、湿度等气候参数小时间步长控制的模拟实验环境,可以实现建筑围护结构热工性能的重复性实验,是研究多孔建筑材料及室外环境铺装材料在自然气候要素下被动蒸发降温问题的重要手段。介绍的动态热湿气候动态风洞实验台,在传统风洞风速模拟与控制实验技术基础之上,通过增加太阳辐射模拟和空气温湿度控制,初步实现了对室外自然气候中太阳辐射、风速及温、湿度环境的模拟控制。经过对可视化程序设计的风洞环境测控系统的调试,风洞内四参数辐射照度、风速、温度和湿度各指令值与模拟值的平均偏差分别为-0.6%, 2.9%, 0.7%和-0.7%,该风洞实验台可以用于含湿建筑材料太阳能被动蒸发降温问题的研究。     

太阳黑子活动对滇中地区气候演变特征的影响

对云南昆明地区近４０ａ的气温及降水资料和太阳黑子相对数资料进行了初步的分析与研究,结果显示：云南滇中地区气候演变与太阳活动准１１ａ振荡和准２ａ振荡之间有一定的联系。     

Response of tree-ring width to rainfall gradient along the Tianshan Mountains of northwestern China

By comparing the long-term tree-ring growths at various geographic scales, we can make clear the effects of environmental variations on tree growth, and get an understanding of the responses of forest ecosystems to the possible changes in global and regional climate. Radial tree-ring growth of Picea schrenkiana and its relationship to air temperature and precipitation were investigated across longi- tude transects on the north slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China. Tree-ring samples were collected and residual chronologies were developed for three different regions along a gradient of decreasing precipitation from west to east. Response-function analysis was conducted to quantify the relationships between tree-ring chronologies and climate variables, such as monthly mean temperature and monthly precipitation from 1961 to 1998, using the PRECON software program. The statistical characteristics of the chronologies showed that the three chronologies constructed in this study con- tained significant environmental signals and were well suitable to reveal the impacts of climatic change on tree growth and forest productivity. Annual ring-width variations were similar among the three sites, but the variability was greatest in the east. This research showed that the growth trends of Picea schrenkiana in the Tianshan Mountains have not followed a uniform pattern. Response-function analy- sis indicated that there were significant correlations between tree growth and climatic factors in all the three regions, among which precipitation was the principal. With decreasing precipitation, the response of tree-ring widths to increasing temperature changed from a positive to a negative correlation. As for precipitation, the positive relationship to tree-ring width always dominates. It could be expected that with increased temperature and decreased precipitation, the importance of precipitation to tree growth would increase, and the response of tree growth to environmental changes would also increase. This study emphasizes the importance of regional-scale investigations into the biosphere-climate interac- tions. The results of this research indicated a substantial increment of tree-ring radial growth as a re- sult of warmer and wetter climate in the eastern regions. However, climate change will have less effect on forest growth and primary production in the western regions.