Variety distribution pattern and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under climate change

This study was based on the daily meteorological data of 101 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2000 and the 0.25°×0.25° grid data from 1951 to 2100 simulated by RegCM3 under the future A1B climatic scenario published by National Climate Center,in combination with the demand of climatic condition for maize growth in Northeast China.The trajectory of agricultural climatic resources and the effects of climate change on variety distribution and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under future climate change were analyzed.The main agro-climatic resource factors include:the initial date daily average temperature stably passing 10℃(≥10℃),the first frost date,the days of growing period,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature,and the total radiation and precipitation in the growing period.The results showed that:(1) in the coming 100 years,the first date of ≥10℃ would be significantly advanced,and the first frost date would be delayed.The days of growing period would be extended,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and the total radiation would be significantly increased.However,no significant change was found in precipitation.(2) Due to the climate change,the early-maturing varieties will be gradually replaced by late-maturing varieties in Northeast China,and the planting boundaries of several maize varieties would be extended northward and eastward.(3) There would be a significant change in the climatic potential productivity of maize in Northeast China with the high-value gradually moving towards northeast.(4) It was an effective way to increase the climatic potential productivity of maize by appropriate adjustment of sowing date.     

Periodicity of Retzius lines in fossil <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pongo</Emphasis> from South China

Periodicity of Retzius lines is a key factor in dental development. In this study, we examined the periodicity of Retzius lines in fossil Pongo from South China using polarized light microscope observation of dental ground sections. The periodicities all of the 15 teeth were 9 d. Comparisons of periodicity were made with extant primates, fossil apes and hominins. Periodicity of fossil Pongo from South China was relatively long but fell within the variation of extant Pongo, Gorilla and modern human, and longer than periodicity of Pan and other extant primates. Fossil Pongo from South China was similar to Lufengpithecus and Sivapithecus, shorter than Gigantopithecus and longer than European and African fossil apes and most early hominins in periodicity. Generally, the periodicities of Asian large-body fossil apes were longer than the periodicities of European and African large-body fossil apes in Miocene. Difference among species and trend of evolution in periodicity were analyzed and discussed. We found that periodicity might gradually increase from Proconsul in early Miocene to several fossil apes in Miocene and then Gigantopithecus in Pleistocene. In addition, this study made correlate analysis between periodicity and body mass respectively in males and females of six extant apes and five fossil apes, and found that periodicity positively correlated with body mass.     

青海省河湟地区旅游气候舒适度定量研究

借助1971～2010年河湟地区代表性站点西宁、同仁、贵德、民和的月平均气温、相对湿度、风速、日照4个主要气象要素的观测资料,计算并分析了反映旅游气候舒适度的温湿指数和风效指数的时空变化特征.结果表明：河湟地区旅游景点的旅游舒适期较短,其中西宁、贵德、同仁的旅游舒适期主要集中于6～8月,民和旅游舒适期较长,集中于5～9月.河湟较不舒适期多在3月～5月和9～11月,多达6个月.旅游不舒适期主要在最寒冷的12～1月,对旅游出行产生严重制约.河湟地区旅游舒适期分布特征使其盛夏季节旅游度假避暑功能凸显,对高原旅游业发展极为有利.     

一类函数迭代的性质

采用矩阵法求出分式线性函数f(x)=(ax+b)/(cx+d)的n次迭代表达式fn(x),并分别对fn(x)的周期性、单调性、不动点进行讨论.     

时空轨迹中隐含的周期性行为模式

将人类时空轨迹中隐含的信息进行可视化并转换为语义语言是公安工作的迫切需要。使用聚类算法将空间轨迹数据离散化,设计等间距抽样算法规整时间序列数据,从而将连续域上的时空轨迹数据表示为离散的二值序列,为使用离散傅里叶变换和循环自相关方法查找时空轨迹中隐含的周期性行为模式做好数据准备;并通过调整采样时间跨度以增强稀疏二值序列的周期性特征。实验表明可以有效提取时空轨迹中的周期性行为模式,而具有季节性和随机变化的行为模式也具有重要参考价值。案件的发生是由人的行为导致的,所以对人类时空轨迹的研究成果也可以应用于案件分析。     

近50年新疆天山山区主要气候要素变化

利用天山山区具有较好代表性的10个气象台站1960-2009年的历史气候资料,运用线性倾向估计对天山山区近50年来气候变化的主要特征进行了分析。结果表明:近50年来,天山山区能量供给因子中的最高、最低、平均温度温度均呈明显的上升趋势,而日照时数、温度日较差呈明显的下降趋势,云量的变化趋势不明显。空气动力因子风速的下降趋势显著;湿度因子中空气相对湿度略有下降趋势,而水汽压、降水量略有上升趋势。受此影响,近50年天山山区气候总体趋于干向湿发展的趋势,气候朝暖湿方向变化。     

1970～2012年青海湖流域冷暖季气温变化特征及突变分析

本文以线性倾向估计、累积距平、小波分析、Mann-Kendall检验及滑动t检验等方法对青海湖流域1970~2012冷、暖季及年均气温变化趋势、周期性和突变性进行分析.结果表明:(1)青海湖流域冷、暖季气温及年平均气温均呈显著增长趋势,其中,冷季增长幅度最大(0.45℃/10a),暖季增长最平缓(0.22℃/10a);从各站点的年、季气温变化来看,恰不恰地区增温幅度最大,刚察增幅最小.(2)冷、暖季气温及年均温的累积距平值绝大多数为负值,变化趋势相对一致,以1997年为转折点,1997年之前气候偏冷,之后趋于变暖.其中,年均气温变化幅度最小,冷季变化幅度最大.(3)冷、暖季和全年均存在较为复杂的周期性变化,其中,年平均气温在整个时间序列上存在4a和15a的周期,以15a最为显著;冷、暖季平均气温在短时间尺度上周期性不显著,主要为17a和27a的长时间尺度周期,以17a的变化周期最显著.(4)青海湖流域冷、暖季气温和年平均气温经检验均发生了突变,其中,年平均气温发生于90年代前期,冷、暖季均发生于90年代中期,且均于90年代末进入显著增温阶段.     

刚竹属竹种的生殖——Ⅰ.刚竹属竹种的开花

<正>刚竹属竹种属于多年生一次结实植物,毕生开花一次,花后营养体自然死亡。竹子开花由内部计时机制所控制,这种计时机制对环境干扰有强大的缓冲能力。同步开花是刚竹属开花的基本特征。不同竹种的开花周期有很大差异,短的不足20年,长的可超过100年。开花周期的不稳定性可用基因突变和天然复壮来解释。竹株开花时植物激素的种类和含量上均有变化,但植物激素是否参与成花过程尚不清楚。     

兰州大气污染物浓度与局地气候环境因子的关系

利用2000年12月10～l7日在兰州市城区的大气边界层观测资料以及同期的污染物浓度监测资料、自动气象站观测资料和常规气象站辐射观测资料等，通过山谷内市区污染物浓度变化与山谷外对照点的比较，研究了兰州市城区污染物浓度的变化特征；分析了对应时期兰州市山谷气候环境因子和特征参数的变化。结果发现，大气中污染物对太阳辐射的吸收增温与白天大气逆温层之间有明显的正反馈机制，而且这种反馈机制在白天大气逆温层的形成和发展过程中起主导作用；讨论了兰州市山谷大气污染物浓度与大气逆温、水平风速、Froude数和边界层稳定度参数之间的简单关系。