Cooling effect of ripped-stone embankments on Qing-Tibet railway under climatic warming

The heat convection in ballast mass and ripped-stone mass in railway embankments is the problem of heat convection in porous media. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of Qing-Tibet railway embankment, from the governing equations used to study forced convec-tion for incompressible fluids porous media, the finite ele-ment formulae for heat convection in porous media are de-rived by using Galerkin抯 method. The temperature fields of the traditional ballast embankment and the ripped-stone mass embankment, constructed on July 15, have been ana-lyzed and compared under the case that the air temperature in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau will be warmed up by 2.0℃ in the future 50 years. The calculated results indicate that, the permafrost 5 m below the traditional ballast embankment will be thawed in the regions in which the air yearly-average temperature is larger than -3.5℃ or the yearly-average temperature at the native surface is larger than -1℃. The embankment will cause large thawing settlement. The rail-way embankment will be damaged by permafrost degrada-tion. The ripped-stone mass embankment can not only resist the effect of climatic warm up on it but also provide cool energy for the permafrost under it. It can assure permafrost stability and not subjected to thawing. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the ripped-stone mass embankment be taken as the Qing-Tibet railway embankment structure in high-temperature permafrost regions so that permafrost embankment can be protected as possible as we could.     

基于Arnold变换的图像置乱及其恢复

在利用Arnold变换的周期性来恢复置乱图像中,针对变换周期与图像大小不成比例的问题,通过对Arnold正变换进行推导证明,得出一种Arnold反变换的求解算法.算法能够随时从置乱图像中快速恢复出原始图像,而且无需计算该图像的周期.最后通过实验证明了算法的可靠性.     

基于三维Arnold变换的数字图像置乱改进算法

以图像信息安全问题为背景,从Arnold变换出发,首先讨论了二维Arnold变换.接着讨论了三维Arnold变换及其在n维上的推广.最后,提出一种基于RGB色彩空间的图像置乱改进算法.实验证明,该算法加密效果较好,应用于数字水印技术中能提高数字水印的鲁棒性.     

运城市极端旱涝灾害成因初探

采用运城市统计局、民政局近50年来灾害统计资料和<中国气象灾害大典.山西卷>,通过对运城市极端旱涝的气候分析,揭示了影响运城极端旱涝的气候因子为:西太平洋副热带高压、极涡、季风及中纬度环流形势,指出ENSO是影响运城极端洪涝的主要气候因子,并对引起极端旱涝的环流形势进行归纳总结,提高短期气候预测水平.     

影响华南西部的登陆热带气旋的若干气候特征

利用1950-1999年台风年鉴资料,结合广西89个测站的降水资料,统计和分析了登陆影响华南西部热带气旋的若干气候特征.结果表明,进入华南西部的热带气旋数占登陆华南沿海地区总数的75%;年均有1.9个热带风暴级别以上的热带气旋进入广西,其中强热带风暴强度以上的占84%.进入华南西部和登陆华南地区的热带气旋都具有显著的年际变化特征.不同月份、不同热带气旋登陆后的维持时间差异极大,平均维持时间的长短与登陆后12 h内强度的衰减程度密切相关.热带气旋引起暴雨的多寡和低压环流在广西境内的滞留时间成正相关,而与登陆时的强度没有明显的关系.