跨层次视角下信息安全氛围对员工信息安全制度遵守意愿的影响作用

员工安全遵守行为已成为保护企业信息资产安全的重要保障。侧重人因因素,讨论如何通过有效方法来规范和引导员工遵守信息安全制度。基于保护动机理论(protection motivation theory, PMT)和社会认知理论,采用跨层次分析方法,以员工信息安全制度遵守意愿为因变量,信息安全氛围为组织层面变量,感知严重性、感知易感性、反应效能和自我效能为个体层面变量构建研究模型。借鉴成熟量表设计问卷,发放问卷并获取有效数据,应用SPSS 26.0软件对研究模型进行假设验证。实证结果表明：感知严重性、感知易感性、反应效能和自我效能均正向影响员工信息安全制度遵守意愿;信息安全氛围跨层次既能直接影响员工信息安全制度遵守意愿,又可通过个体层面变量对结果变量产生影响作用。为强化企业安全管理提供一定的理论支撑。     

人类影响引起全球变暖的证据

 按照归因分析的研究方法和工具，综述了近些年有关人类影响引起全球变暖证据的科学研究成果。利用全球气候模式考虑人类影响，采用指纹法检测和归因证实，发现人类影响几乎肯定是引起近百年特别是近50年全球变暖的主因。地球系统5个圈层（大气、海洋、陆地、冰雪、生物）与全球变暖有关的证据，如热浪增加、寒潮减弱、低层大气变暖、陆地和海洋变暖、受海水热膨胀和冰融化引起全球海平面上升、冰雪和永冻土融化加速、海洋酸度增加、植物生长季延长等，都与人类影响有密切联系。     

红树林碳埋藏过程对海平面上升、气候变化和人类活动的响应

红树林具有很高的初级生产力和沉积速率,能够在沉积过程中埋藏封存大量有机碳,在全球碳循环中扮演着重要角色。本文总结有关红树林碳埋藏特征和沉积过程对气候变化、海平面上升和人类活动响应的相关文献研究。红树林土壤碳埋藏储量主要取决于红树林根系分布深度,碳埋藏速率则主要受沉积速率控制。全球变暖导致亚热带冬季低温事件减少,以及降雨量的增多,都会促进红树林扩张,有利于红树林碳埋藏。在短期内,海平面上升可以通过增加滩面沉积速率和有机碳含量的方式,达到保持或提高红树林碳埋藏速率的效果。但是从长期来看,不断增加的海平面上升速率会对泥沙供应较少或潮差较小地区的红树林造成严重威胁。人类的不合理活动则会造成红树林面积和碳埋藏储量的大幅减少。因此,为保护红树林并发挥其碳库潜力,应采取有效措施保证红树林沉积的物源供给,以维持红树林滩面高程增加速率,并在适宜地区进行人工红树林栽种。     

从水土保持到全球气候变化:中国黄土研究70年

 中国黄土独特的地层构造一直吸引着不同领域学者的注意。1949年后，黄土研究进入一个全新而系统的阶段。根据大量黄土研究材料，梳理了黄土研究在中国的发展脉络，总结了70年来黄土研究的重要成果。20世纪50-60年代的黄土普查获得了大量关于黄土地区的一手材料，陆续出版有重要影响力的黄土阶段性研究成果；20世纪70年代后，随着新技术与新方法的运用，黄土研究在内容与精度上不断得以丰富与完善；20世纪80年代至今，黄土高原水土流失综合治理研究取得诸多成果，更为重要的是，黄土地层记录的古气候密码逐渐被破解，成为理解全球气候变化的关键因素。在几代学者的共同努力下，中国黄土研究处于世界先进水平。     

Macroinvertebrate richness is lower in high-elevation lakes vs nearby streams: evidence from Grand Teton National Park,Wyoming

Mountain ecosystems will be strongly impacted by climate change, yet little is known of extant biodiversity in high-elevation lakes, particularly in North America. In this study, we sampled the littoral zone of six alpine and subalpine lakes in Grand Teton National Park (GRTE), Wyoming, to characterise invertebrate diversity and environmental variation in these climate change-threatened ecosystems. Overall, we collected 19 aquatic invertebrate taxa, and found that each lake harboured a unique assemblage of invertebrates despite close geographic proximity in some instances (e.g. less than 5 km). The results of this study complement previous efforts focused on macroinvertebrate diversity of streams in the Teton Range, highlighting much lower diversity in montane lakes vs nearby streams. Taken together, the two studies establish an important baseline understanding of mountain freshwater biodiversity in GRTE. With rapidly changing hydrologic inputs to mountain lakes driven primarily by the recession of alpine glaciers, these results may help target aquatic invertebrates to monitor as climate change affects the region. Moreover, these data clarify habitat factors, both biotic and abiotic, that influence high-elevation lake assemblages of the Teton Range.     

南海深部过程的探索

 2011-2018年，国家自然科学基金委员会设立“南海深部过程演变”重大研究计划，同时推动实施了三次半的大洋钻探航次，使南海进入国际深海研究的前列，在深海盆洋陆相互作用、边缘海盆地的板缘张裂和气候演变的低纬驱动等3方面取得了突破性进展，挑战了源自西欧、北大西洋的传统观念。深海探索的进展，确立了中国在南海科学上的引导地位，下一轮的深入研究可望将南海建成世界海洋科学的天然实验室，进一步提升中国在海洋基础研究中的国际地位。     

Seepage,objectivity, and climate science

Based on the disproportionate amount of attention paid by climate scientists to the supposed global warming hiatus, it has recently been argued that contrarian discourse has “seeped into” climate science. While I agree that seepage has occurred, its effects remain unclear. This lack of clarity may give the impression that climate science has been compromised in a way that it hasn't—such a conclusion should be defended against. To do this I argue that the effects of seepage should be analyzed in terms of objectivity. I use seven meanings of objectivity to analyze contrarian discourse's impact on climate science. The resulting account supports the important point that climate science has not been compromised in a way that invalidates the conclusions its scientists have drawn, despite the reality of seepage having occurred.     

Composition,characteristics and long-term variability of the freshwater microcrustacean fauna of the Faroe Islands

ABSTRACT

Despite the accessibility of the Faroe Islands, faunistic research on their numerous lakes and ponds is quite rare. The biota of Faroese freshwaters is still underexplored, and its specific traits raise many questions. In the present survey, 32 microcrustacean species were observed, 8 of which were new to the Faroese fauna. The obtained species list shows that Cladocera species prevail over Copepoda here, which is not typical of northern territories. This fact is due to (1) the extraordinarily warm climate of the Faroe Islands compared to other areas at similar latitudes because of the heating effect of the surrounding North Atlantic Current and (2) the lack of calanoid species, which have never been found in the freshwaters of the Faroe Islands. The diachronic analysis of the species diversity and composition over the centuries of research on the archipelago showed no evidence of the impact of global climate change on the fauna.     

西南秋季降水及其影响要素的气候变化特征

利用西南片区1960—2009年50个气象站的逐日降水和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用谐波分析、双谐样条插值和相关分析等方法,分析该地区近50a秋季降水及其影响因素的气候变化特征.分析结果表明:西南片区秋季降水量呈现减少的趋势,其中降水的年际变化占主要地位,2009年秋季降水量达到50a以来最小值,是线性减少趋势、年际和年代际变化共同作用的结果;各影响因素在不同层次上的气候变化及其与降水的相关性程度各不相同;西南片区秋季地面气温具有显著的增暖趋势,其序列与降水的相关性不显著;对流层中层气压500hPa的秋季温度没有增暖的趋势,与降水的相关性很好,呈显著的负相关,相关系数达到-0.34;气压600hPa的比湿具有线性减少的趋势,与降水呈正相关性,相关系数为0.30;气压700hPa的水平散度没有线性趋势变化,与降水存在显著的负相关.西南片区2009年秋季降水异常空间型与气压500hPa的温度异常偏高型、气压600hPa的比湿异常偏小型和气压700hPa水平散度异常偏强型的相似系数分别为-0.95,0.85和-0.46.该地区2009年秋季降水异常偏少是热力和动力因素共同作用的结果,但热力因素的影响大于动力因素的影响.     

Will boreal winter precipitation over China increase in the future? An AGCM simulation under summer “ice-free Arctic” conditions

Frequent winter snowstorms have recently caused large economic losses and attracted wide attention.These snowstorms have raised an important scientific question.Under scenarios of future global warming,will winter precipitation in China increase significantly and produce more snow in the north? Using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP 3) model projections under the Special Report on Emissions Scenario A1B scenario,we generated a possible future Arctic condition,the summer (September) "ice-free Arctic" condition.We then used corresponding monthly sea surface temperature (SST) values and a set of CO 2 concentrations to drive an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM),for simulating East Asian climate change.The experimental results show that during the boreal winter (December-January-February;DJF),global surface air temperature would increase significantly under this scenario,producing substantial warming in Arctic regions and at high latitudes in Asia and North America.The Siberian High,Aleutian Low and East Asian winter monsoon would all weaken.However,because of increased transport of water vapor to China from the north,winter precipitation would increase from south to north.In addition,the significant increase in winter temperature might cause fewer cold surges.