Danxia geomorphology of China: A review

Danxia Landform belongs to red terrestrial clastic rock landform, which is characterized by its red cliffed scarp. The development of Danxia Landform research in China experienced three historic stages, i.e. initial establishment, taking shape and expanding since the concept "Danxia Landform" raised by Prof. Chen Guoda in 1939. As a new branch of geomorphology, Danxia geomorphology research is now stepping its ripe stage. In the 1990s, the search enters into an unprecedented grand occasion at the prompting of tourism exploit.     

粘土矿物对碎屑岩储层评价的控制理论探讨及应用实例

文章结合前人有关研究,从5个方面对碎屑岩储层评价的控制进行了探讨,即岩石物理性质的一些基本概念;粘土矿物的产状;常见粘土矿物的类型及特征;常见粘土矿物的X射线衍射分析及油气生产中由于粘土矿物所带来的问题。最后用作者最近所完成的实例研究简要地进行印证。     

麦克斯韦滚摆运动的剖析

本文运用运动学、动力学方法对麦克斯韦滚摆运动进行了较为深入的分析,指出了其能量损耗的原因。     

Study of the varve record from Erlongwan maar lake, NE China, over the last 13 ka BP

In a sediment sequence from Erlongwan maar lake that spans the last 13 ka BP, two main varve types can be recognized： biogenic varves （from the present to -11.2 ka BP, 0-632 cm） and clastic varves （from -11.2 to -12.7 ka BP, 632-700 cm）. Based on the dominant types of algae contained in the sediment, the biogenic varves can be classified into dinocyst-biogenic varves （0-63 cm） and mixed （dinocyst and diatom）-biogenic varves （214-632 cm）. In this paper, the formation process and components of the varve are described, the possible reason for the types of varve changing throughout the record is discussed and a high-resolution varve chronology is established spanning the last 13 ka BP. Although further varve counting and error assessment are needed, the results presented here represent a solid foundation for studying the palaeoclimate record of Erlongwan maar lake.     

致密碎屑岩气藏地震频变特征主控因素定量分析

利用地震频变属性进行深层致密碎屑岩气藏含气性检测是重要攻关方向,但是影响地震频变特征的的因素有很多,有必要对控制因素进行定量分析。本文以东营凹陷民丰地区实际地质情况为约束,利用地震正演模拟技术,对影响致密碎屑岩气藏频变特征的埋深、岩性、储层厚度等因素进行了定量分析,并且利用实际地震资料对地震频率变化率和日产气量进行了对比分析。分析表明: 对于埋深较大的深层致密碎屑岩气藏,埋深、地层韵律性、岩性等因素对地震频变特征影响较小,储层厚度和含气性是影响地震频变特征的主要因素,地震频率变化率与日产气量具有较好的相关性。针对某一具体目的层,储层厚度在一定范围内变化时,可以使用地震频变特征预测储层含气性。     

黄骅坳陷北大港油田古近系碎屑岩储层成岩作用及其对储层质量的影响

为了明确黄骅坳陷北大港油田古近系碎屑岩储层的成岩作用特征及其影响因素,在综合分析大量岩石薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、X衍射及物理性质等分析化验资料的基础上,对研究区古近系碎屑岩储层成岩作用类型及特征、成岩演化阶段及成岩作用影响因素进行了综合研究,并在此基础上划分了成岩相类型,探讨了成岩作用对储层质量的影响作用.结果表明,研究区东营组砂岩主要处于早成岩B期,部分达到中成岩A1期;沙河街组砂岩主要处于中成岩A期,部分达到中成岩B期.压实作用和胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速减少,渗透率降低,大大降低了砂岩的储集物性;后期的溶解作用促使砂岩次生孔隙发育,改善了砂岩的储集性能.研究区砂岩可划分为压实固结成岩相、碳酸盐胶结成岩相、弱胶结成岩相和不稳定组分溶蚀成岩相4种成岩相类型,其中不稳定组分溶蚀成岩相控制的储层物性最好,弱胶结成岩相控制的储层物性次之,碳酸盐胶结成岩相和压实固结成岩相控制的储层物性较差.明确研究区成岩作用特征及成岩相分布特点,对寻找该区有利储层具有重要指导意义.     

High-resolution climate evolution derived from the sediment records of Erlongwan Maar Lake since 14 ka BP

Varve counts with AMS 14 C,137 Cs and 210 Pb dating of sediments(0-900 cm) from Erlongwan Maar Lake,NE China were used to establish a high-resolution chronology series for the late Quaternary.Dry density,total organic carbon(TOC) content,total nitrogen(TN) content,TOC/TN ratios and stable organic carbon isotope(13 C org) ratios were continuously analyzed on this sediment profile.On the basis of lithological characters,sporo-pollen assemblages and geochemical analyses,we identified 6 climate stages within the last 14 ka BP.The time before the Holocene(14-11.4 ka BP) represents a higher-order oscillation climatic transitional period(I).The entire Holocene climate development(from 11.4 ka BP to present) exhibited an increasing temperature trend,although there were cold and warm alternations(II-VI).The periods included were:II(11.4-9.05 ka BP) warm-wet stage,III(9.05-7.4 ka BP) cold and warm fluctuation stage,IV(7.4-4.2 ka BP) smoothly warming climate stage,V(4.2-1.67 ka BP) climate optimum stage,and VI(from 1.67 ka BP to present) cool and drier stage.Each climate stage began with a warming event and ended with an abrupt cooling event.This climate change cycle had unequal time spaces that were progressively shorter over time.Several abrupt climate shifts occurred at about 9.4-9.05,8.5-8.2,7.8-7.4,4.6-4.2,3.7-3.25,2-1.67 and 0.3-0.03 ka BP.Thus,it can be seen that the climate has been warming since 1920 AD,which indicates a new climate stage.     

渤中凹陷沙二段生屑云岩的发现及勘探意义

 渤中凹陷中深层储层具有埋藏深、储集性能差以及预测难度大等特点,储集层质量是制约中深层油气勘探成效的关键。在QHD36-3油田沙二段中发现的生屑云岩和含陆源碎屑云岩等白云岩储层,其储集性能明显优于相同深度的碎屑岩储层,将成为中深层高产油气层勘探的新领域之一。研究表明,生屑云岩等白云岩储层的形成主要受古地貌、古水深等因素控制,同时距离物源区的远近影响其发育程度。建立相应的沉积模式,对以生屑云岩和含陆源碎屑云岩等白云岩为目的储层的油气勘探至关重要。     

埃及阿布吉拉迪盆地下白垩统三角洲碎屑岩储层特征 及控制因素——以Alam El Shawish West区块为例

针对埃及阿布吉拉迪盆地Alam El Shawish West区块（简称AESW区块）下白垩统Kharita组三角洲碎屑岩储层特征认识不明确,预测难度大等问题,综合利用岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、物性分析、地震及测井等资料,对砂岩储层特征及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明：Kharita组砂岩以石英砂岩为主,成分及结构成熟度较高。剩余原生粒间孔、次生的粒间及粒内溶孔为主要储集空间,形成以孔隙型为主的砂岩储层。储层发育及分布明显受沉积古地貌、沉积层序、沉积微相及成岩作用等多种因素控制。沉积古地貌低部位砂岩储层厚度大,分布范围广,易于形成规模型砂岩储集体。砂岩储层主要发育于水进体系域内部,厚度较大且物性较好。三角洲前缘水下分支河道及分支河口坝微相物性条件好,席状砂、支流间湾及前三角洲泥等微相较差。压实及胶结作用导致储层物性变差,溶蚀作用对储层物性具有重要的改善作用,所形成的次生粒间及粒内溶孔为重要的储集空间。     

川南官渡构造下沙溪庙组储层孔隙度预测

四川盆地南部官渡构造下沙溪庙组属致密砂岩储层,常规速度反演难以将有效储层从致密砂岩中分道辨出来,而孔隙度可以较好地将其区分.作者在测井曲线校正、测井孔隙度精细解释的基础上,结合扩展的地震体属性分析法和神经网络拟合法开展储层孔隙度预测,计算了下沙溪庙组孔隙度数据体,并以交互验证法作为质量控制手段,验证了结果的正确性.该数据体可以直观地反映出高孔隙砂岩的展布特征.在此基础上,根据下沙溪庙组储层地质特征,针对下沙溪庙组一砂组进行了孔隙度平面解释,描述了有效储层的平面展布特征,指出该地区下一步勘探的有利区域.