甜菜皂素的提取及特性

甜菜皂素是一种天然的非离子型表面活性剂，用无机酸回流甜菜废丝，将所得的滤液蒸发浓缩至粘稠，再加入一定量的无水乙醇反复回流，脱色，纯化后得乳白色甜菜皂素片状晶体。     

科技英、俄语虚拟语气的简要比较

本文就科技英语和科技俄语的虚拟语气进行了简要对比。     

Systems and organizations: Distal and proximal thinking

The paper introduces the contributions to this special issue ofSystems Practice on Systems and Organizations: New Directions in terms ofdistal andproximal thinking. Distal thinking refers to ready-made concepts, to the finished effects and outcomes of thought and action; proximal thinking, to process and event, to the continuous and unfinished. The papers presented here deal with various aspects of the distal/proximal distinction in social systems and organizations, and especially draw out the implications of recent work in information technology, sociology of technology, accounting theory, and organization studies for a proximal conception of systems and organizations.     

铁路信号技术进步对铁路运输的贡献

本文用“等效长度”的概念研究并计算了铁路信号技术进步在换算周转量增长中的贡献.依据有关数据,分析并提出了具体的计算方法,算出了铁路信号技术进步的贡献占铁路运输各部门技术进步总贡献的16.49％～20.77％.其中,还未包括为确保行车安全所作出的贡献.     

Wine technology: Current trends

Conclusion Current enological research does not aim at developing technological wines whose organoleptic characteristics are basically determined by the methods used in the transformation of grape wine, but rather to refine methods which will highlight the original qualities of different cultivars and viticultural conditions.     

基于CiteSpace的非物质文化遗产科技创新研究热点及趋势分析

非物质文化遗产（以下简称“非遗”）作为我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,非遗科技创新的研究逐渐成为学术界关注的热点。运用CiteSpace分析工具的可视化功能,以中国知网中CSSCI数据库收录的有关非遗科技创新的文献为样本,对年度发文量、研究力量、研究热点和趋势等进行分析。研究发现：2008~2021年非遗科技创新研究经历了3个阶段;研究热点集中在非遗、传承、创新和保护等方面;研究前沿主题聚焦互联网+、传播创新和活态传承等。     

Identification and classification of subspecies of Asian cultivated rice and their hybrids

Having reviewed the major classification systems proposed by various scholars across the world, it is found thatindica andjaponica underO. sativa L. are two major directions thoroughly differentiated from the Asian cultivated rice, forming the framework of the classification structure. A system withindica andjaponica as the only two subspecies is therefore reiterated. There are various ways to determine the indica-japonica identity of hybrid rice, but the “combined morphological trait index” (CMT index) method is more efficient and easier to handle, although the isozyme analysis, molecular marker analysis and grain quality assay methods are also feasible.     

受控源作用分析

受控源作用分析程道林１房建州２（１徐州师范大学物理系,徐州,２２１００９;２徐州教育学院物理系,徐州,２２１００６）独立源作为电路的输入,代表着外界对电路的作用,在电路中起激励的作用．而受控源则不同于独立源,其电压或电流不是定值,也不是给定的时间函数...     

一个中国湿地植物资源分类系统

提出了一个中国湿地植物资源分类系统,并将我国湿地植物资源分为３大类２４小类,这个系统根据湿地植物用途建立系统框架,将植物群落的建群种,分布广的植物,生物量大的植物,湿地特有植物和与水禽,野生动物栖息地,繁殖地,隐蔽地相关的植物作为选择资源植物类别的标准。