机械磨细对新疆和田地区火山岩粉活性影响试验

为了提高新疆和田地区火山岩粉的活性,拓宽其在混凝土工程中的应用,借鉴目前常用的机械磨细的球磨方法,使粉体材料更加细化,并改善其颗粒分布。对4种细度的火山岩粉,采用勃氏法测试其比表面积,激光粒度法分析其颗粒级配及分布,多龄期胶砂强度指数法去验证掺加该火山岩粉后的胶凝体系宏观力学性能变化,最后用SEM及EDS观察分析微观形貌及产物,揭示微观变化与宏观强度,即火山灰活性提升的关系。试验结果表明:机械磨细的方法可以有效地改善火山岩粉的颗粒分布,比表面积每增加80 m²/kg左右则小于50%通过率颗粒粒径减小0.6~0.8 μm;掺火山岩粉胶凝体系随龄期的延长,宏观上其抗折强度和抗压强度均有持续的提高,而且抗折强度增加速率更快,但强度增加随火山岩粉变细而增长的幅度放缓。根据宏观力学性能的变化及SEM及EDS的微观观察分析,得出结论:机械磨细可提高火山岩粉活性的主要原因为颗粒变细的“微集料”填充作用,以及其参与水泥基体系水化反应能力的提升。     

美国中产阶级的“美国梦”研究——以《兔子,快跑》为例

"美国梦"的概念的出现,反映了美国人积极向上的精神,即人只要努力奋斗就能过上体面人的生活。围绕这种共识,约翰·厄普代克出版的《兔子,快跑》一书,生动地刻画了在美国梦理念下哈利·阿斯特罗姆的人生历程,折射了美国中产阶级面临的困惑与迷茫,并对美国梦进行了深刻的反思。     

A-调和方程,变分问题与WT2类

研究WT2类向量.证明了A-调和方程弱解的梯度和积分泛函的极小点的梯度都属于WT2类,推广了已有结果.这些结果提供了调和方程和变分问题正则性理论新的研究思想.     

基于主动学习的资源优化分配方案研究

从实际应用的角度阐述分析了主动学习算法在资源优化分配中的应用问题,首先分析了主动学习的发展问题,并给出了主动学习的数学描述,在此基础上,重点以学生分班为例阐述了主动学习算法的应用问题。     

Molecular mechanisms of phagocytic uptake in mammalian cells

Phagocytosis is a highly conserved, complex process that has evolved to counter the constant threat posed by pathogens, effete cells and debris. Classically defined as a mechanism for internalising and destroying particles greater than 0.5 mum in size, it is a receptor-mediated, actin-driven process. The best-studied phagocytic receptors are the opsono-receptors, FcgammaR and CR3. Phagocytic uptake involves actin dynamics including polymerisation, bundling, contraction, severing and depolymerisation of actin filaments. Recent evidence points to the importance of membrane remodelling during phagocytosis, both in terms of changes in lipid composition and delivery of new membrane to the sites of particle binding. Here we review the molecular mechanisms of phagocytic uptake and some of the strategies developed by microbial pathogens to manipulate this process.     

Dynamic Latent Class Model Averaging for Online Prediction

We consider the problem of online prediction when it is uncertain what the best prediction model to use is. We develop a method called dynamic latent class model averaging, which combines a state‐space model for the parameters of each of the candidate models of the system with a Markov chain model for the best model. We propose a polychotomous regression model for the transition weights to assume that the probability of a change in time depends on the past through the values of the most recent time periods and spatial correlation among the regions. The evolution of the parameters in each submodel is defined by exponential forgetting. This structure allows the ‘correct’ model to vary over both time and regions. In contrast to existing methods, the proposed model naturally incorporates clustering and prediction analysis in a single unified framework. We develop an efficient Gibbs algorithm for computation, and we demonstrate the value of our framework on simulated experiments and on a real‐world problem: forecasting IBM's corporate revenue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

绿豆芽超氧化物歧化酶在胁迫条件下的活性变化

超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）能通过歧化反应清除生物细胞中的超氧自由基,从而减少自由基对有机体的毒害．系统研究了绿豆芽中的超氧化物歧化酶在胁迫条件下其活力的变化情况．实验结果显示：在各种胁迫条件（干旱、盐、低温、高温和紫外光）下,绿豆芽中的SOD活力在受到逆境胁迫的最初一段时间内呈上升趋势,随着胁迫时间和程度的增加,SOD活力均表现下降趋势．     

Serial nuclear transfer improves the development of interspecies reconstructed giant panda (Aluropoda melanoleuca) embryos

Interspecies somatic nuclear transfer (NT) may provide a new approach for preservation of the endangered rare species. Previous interspecies cloning studies have shown that a nucleus from a quiescent somatic cell supports early development of reconstructed embryos in the ooplasm from another species. In this study, we transferred nonquiescent somatic cells from a giant panda into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. After electrofusion (at the rate of 71.6%) and electrical activation, 4.2% of the panda-rabbit reconstructed embryos developed to blastocyst in vitro. For improving the development rate of reconstructed embryos, we used serial NT in this study, i.e. blastomeres from reconstructed morulae were transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. The fusion rates in the groups of serial I, serial II and serial III were 79.5%, 84.1% and 78.0%, respectively, having no difference with that of somatic group. And the blastocyst rates in serial NT groups were 19.4%, 13.5% and 10.3%, respectively, which are significantly higher than that in somatic NT group. These results indicate that the nuclei from nonquiescent somatic cells can support early development of reconstructed embryos and serial NT can improve the development rate of interspecies reconstructed embryos. These authors contributed equally to this work.     

慈菇中抗真菌蛋白分离纯化初步研究

植物在长期进化过程中,形成了一套天然的防御系统。其中植物抗真菌蛋白(antifungal protein,AFP)是主要成员之一,它对多种植物和人体病原真菌生长有抑制作用。本研究以慈菇(Sagittaria sagittifolia)块茎为材料,运用阳离子交换层析和葡聚糖G50凝胶过滤层析技术,结合活性追踪法,对慈菇中的抗真菌蛋白进行了初步分离纯化。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定表明,纯化的抗真菌蛋白并不是单一的组分,至少有3个电泳条带,分子量集中在14.4~20.1 kD之间。纯化的抗真菌蛋白对烟草赤星病菌(Alternari alternata)的菌丝生长具有较明显抑制作用。     

响应面法优化槲蕨总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

为了优化槲蕨总黄酮的提取工艺并研究其抗氧化活性,该文以料液比、乙醇体积分数、超声处理功率和超声辅助提取时间为考察因素,以槲蕨总黄酮产率为研究目标,在单因素实验的基础上运用响应曲面分析法优化槲蕨总黄酮的提取工艺,并探讨了超声波提取的槲蕨总黄酮的抗氧化活性.研究结果表明：超声波辅助乙醇提取槲蕨总黄酮的最佳工艺是料液比为1∶30.00(g·mL^-1)、超声功率为450.00 W、乙醇体积分数为68.00%,在该优化条件下槲蕨总黄酮的产率为1.452 mg·g^-1.抗氧化研究表明：槲蕨总黄酮对羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子(O^-₂·)具有较强的清除能力,这说明槲蕨总黄酮具有良好的抗氧化活性.