莲子双螺杆挤压膨化工艺的研究

以莲子为原料,采用双螺杆挤压膨化技术开发莲子膨化食品.研究了原料颗粒大小、原料含水量、进料速度、挤压膨化温度及螺杆转速等因素对莲子膨化的影响.结果表明:当莲子目数大于或等于40目时,莲子膨化较优工艺为:进料速度17～19 r/min,原料含水量14%～16%,膨化温度155～165℃,螺杆转速135～145 r/min.     

Can patents prohibit research? On the social epistemology of patenting and licensing in science

A topic of growing importance within philosophy of science is the epistemic implications of the organization of research. This paper identifies a promising approach to social epistemology—nonideal systems design—and uses it to examine one important aspect of the organization of research, namely the system of patenting and licensing and its role in structuring the production and dissemination of knowledge. The primary justification of patenting in science and technology is consequentialist in nature. Patenting should incentivize research and thereby promote the development of knowledge, which in turn facilitates social progress. Some have disputed this argument, maintaining that patenting actually inhibits knowledge production. In this paper, I make a stronger argument; in some areas of research in the US—in particular, research on GM seeds—patents and patent licenses can be, and are in fact being, used to prohibit some research. I discuss three potential solutions to this problem: voluntary agreements, eliminating patents, and a research exemption. I argue against eliminating patents, and I show that while voluntary agreements and a research exemption could be helpful, they do not sufficiently address the problems of access that are discussed here. More extensive changes in the organization of research are necessary.     

低能Fe^＋注入对小麦种子萌发能力的影响

将中科院兰州近代物理研究所110KeV离子注入机上产生的Fe~ 离子注入剥皮与未剥皮的小麦种子,分别测定了这两种种子的发芽率、发芽势和生长势。结果表明:注入10~(12)～10~(15)Fe~ p/cm~2能够轻微刺激未剥皮种子的发芽率和生长势,但对剥皮种子来说却显示了抑制作用。可以认为Fe~ 的注入深度有限,剥皮能够明显提高注入效果。     

An efficient way of finding good indel seeds for local homology search

Designing good or optimal seeds is a key factor for local homology search in bioinformatics. Continuous seeds have existed for nearly 20 years used by BLAST series programs. Recently, spaced seeds, which were introduced by PattenHunter program, were shown to be more sensitive and faster than continuous seeds under the same similarity level. However, there are 2 main disadvantages for space seeds： （i） It assumes that only matches and mismatches occur within seed alignments, but not insertions and deletions （indels）; （ii） calculating optimal spaced seeds is an NP-hard problem. Introduction for indel seeds solved the first problem, but the second is getting much harder because of its higher exponential level. In this paper, we introduce an efficient way of designing good （even optimal） indel seeds under ＂indel overlap complexity＂ model, and it can be calculated in polynomial time. We calculate indel seeds from weight of 11 to 15. The result shows that indel seeds have higher sensitivities than spaced ones and our algorithm finds good indel seeds very quickly.     

Egestion of plant propagules by turtles in a small Massachusetts river

ABSTRACT

Evidence from flowing-water habitats has confirmed a role of turtles regarding the effective internal transport and viability of riparian plant seeds. We assessed potential propagule dispersal by Eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) within a small river in Massachusetts and factors that may influence the diversity and abundance of egested propagules. From August–October 2015 and June–October 2016, we captured 69 turtles (28 male and 13 female), recorded standard measurements (sex, size, mass, BCI), and collected their faeces from which we isolated propagules. Propagules, mostly seeds, were observed in a small (28%) group of individuals. Overall, 4808 seeds of four taxa and 62 tubers were recovered. Most turtles (58%) defaecated propagules of just one taxon and number of seeds per turtle was highly variable (1–1506, 253.05 ± 414.55 seeds). Taxon richness, abundance, and Simpson Index of propagules varied significantly by sampling year. Sex-year interaction was also a significant predictor of propagule abundance. No turtle-specific features (sex or BCI) have any significant influence on any of the seeds egested. While our study suggests a minor role for C. picta as mobilisers of river plant propagules, these highly vagile animals may still create intermittent links between spatially isolated populations within and between waterbodies.     

连翘种子油GC-MS分析及抗氧化活性研究

利用GC-MS联用技术对连翘种子油成分进行分析,各成分的质谱图与标准谱对照,分离鉴定出63种化合物,其中萜类化合物占70%以上.所鉴定成分的含量占全油的98.91%.主要成分为β-蒎烯(47.78%),其次是β-水芹烯(14.91%)和α-蒎烯(14.02%),另检测出0.76%的含碘化合物和0.55%的含硅化合物等.用DPPH法和邻苯三酚自氧化法测定其抗氧化活性,结果发现其对有机自由基(DPPH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2.)均有显著清除作用,清除率高达90%以上.     

秦油2号与中油821生物学特性及籽粒营养物质积累研究

对杂交油菜秦油2号与普通油菜中油821的生物学特性、籽粒成熟期营养物质的积累进行了对比研究。结果表明:杂交油菜秦油2号具有明显的营养生长和产量优势,与ck相比增产18.35% 。但芥酸与硫代葡萄糖甙的含量比ck高,必需脂肪酸及含油量比ck低,其品质有待进一步改善。     

种球溶胀法制备有机聚合物色谱填料及其在纯化红景天苷中的应用

采用分散聚合法,以正丁醇为介质制成单分散的聚苯乙烯微球,应用该微球通过种球溶胀法制备聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯(PSt-DVB)色谱填料。应用高压匀质机制备的活化种球和溶胀活化种球的乳液更稳定,液滴更小。该填料单分散性能优越,填装4.6 mm×150 mm的色谱柱背压低,可用作分析色谱和制备色谱。该色谱柱用于红景天苷的分离,可获得98%以上的纯品。     

亚高山草甸野生禾草在不同温度下的萌发过程研究

本文研究了甘南亚高山草甸群落中６种常见野生禾草种子在不同温度条件下的萌发过程。所用计算公式为ｙ＝ａ（１－ｅ＾－ｋ（ｉ－ｌ），其参数具有确切的生物学含义。因而真空地反映了此６种植物种子在不同温度条件下的萌发过程。在同一温度条件下，６种植物各子的ａ，ｋ，ｌ值各。同一种植物的种子在不同 温度条件下的ａ，ｋ，ｌ值也不相同。这些结果说明不同温度条件对此６种野生禾草种子的萌发能力、萌发速率、萌发历期的影响显著