量子阱GaAs太阳电池性能随质子辐照注量的变化

2MeV,1×109～2×1013 cm-2质子辐照量子阱GaAs太阳电池,用I-V特性和光谱响应测试分析辐射效应.研究表明,随辐照注量增大,电池Isc,Voc,Pmax衰降程度增大,相同的注量,Pmax衰降程度最大.当辐照注量大于3×1012 cm-2时,电池Isc衰降程度比Voc的大,当注量小于3×1012 cm-2时,电池Voc衰降程度比Isc的大,与量子阱结构受到损失有关.在整个波长范围,随辐照注量增加,相对光谱响应的衰降变化增大,在900～1000nm波长范围,2×1013 cm-2质子辐照电池使量子阱光谱响应特性消失.     

Large specific surface area S-doped Fe–N–C electrocatalysts derived from Metal–Organic frameworks for oxygen reduction reaction

It is highly desired but challenging to develop platinum group metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which can promote the commercialization of fuel cell technology. To achieve this target, we report a one-step doping method to prepare S-doped Fe–N–C catalysts using zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-8) and iron (III) thiocyanate (Fe(SCN)₃) as precursor. Different from conventional doping approach, i.e. physical mixing, Fe(SCN)₃ is in-situ added during ZIF-8 formation which would encapsulate Fe(SCN)₃ molecules inside ZIF-8 to avoid structure destruction and create potential replacement of Zn ions by Fe ions to form uniform Fe–N₄ complexes. As a result, the prepared S-doped Fe–N–C catalysts own large specific surface areas with a maximum value of 1326 ​m² ​g⁻¹ and a dual-scale porous structure that benefits mass transport. Significantly, the composition-optimized catalyst exhibits superior ORR activity in both 0.1 ​M HClO₄ electrolyte and 0.1 ​M KOH electrolyte, in which the half-wave potential reaches 0.81 ​V and 0.92 ​V (vs. RHE), respectively. Remarkable stability is also attained, which loses 2 ​mV only after 10000 potential cycles in O₂-saturated 0.1 ​M HClO₄ and remains almost constant in O₂-saturated 0.1 ​M KOH, surpassing commercial Pt/C catalyst in both acidic and alkaline medium.     

Experimental measurement of proton conductivity and electronic conductivity of membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Charge transport processes involving the proton migration and electron transfer for different parts of membrane electrode assemble (MEA) play an essential role for developing the novel electrode and enhancing the electrochemical performance towards proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the coupled charge transport processes make it difficult for evaluating proton conductivity and electronic conductivity of different parts in MEAs under operation conditions of fuel cells. Here in this work, we propose an experiment approach for separating the electronic conductivity and proton conductivity of different components of MEA at the operating conditions of PEMFCs. This approach involves two different measuring devices, which both consist of electron or proton conducting layers, sealing layers and sample layer, followed by tailoring the thickness of sample layers and via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to quantity the electronic conductivity and proton conductivity of different layers. These experiment results show the great potential in the development of different components of MEA.     

山慈菇酯提物对4T1乳腺癌免疫微环境的影响

为探究山慈菇酯提物(Cremastra appendiculata,CrAp)体内外抗4T1乳腺癌的作用以及对4T1乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠免疫相关的分子机制的影响.采用四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法(MTT法)检测不同浓度(12500、1250、125、12.5、1.25、0.125μg/mL)的CrAp在24、48、72 h对4T1乳腺癌细胞的增殖抑制作用.100只BABL/c雌性小鼠植瘤成功后,随机分成空白对照组、模型组、阿霉素(adriamycin,ADM)阳性对照组、CrAp组以及CrAp+ADM组,每隔7 d小鼠称重一次,绘制体重曲线;每3 d测量小鼠肿瘤长径及短径,绘制肿瘤曲线;剥离癌组织,计算抑瘤率;取癌组织做苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)染色;ELISA法检测白介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)和白介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量的变化.TMT分析CrAp调控与4T1乳腺癌免疫相关的差异蛋白.结果表明:在MTT实验中,不同浓度的CrAp抑制率范围为13.48％ ～74.47％,其中CrAp(125μg/mL)在72 h抑制作用最强,抑制率为74.47％.乳腺癌荷瘤鼠体重明显降低;CrAp能明显增加乳腺癌小鼠的体重(P<0.01),并明显降低乳腺癌肿瘤体积(P<0.01).癌组织HE染色:模型组肿瘤细胞形态完好,数目较多,坏死区域少见;CrAp及CrAp+ADM组肿瘤细胞破裂以及胞核溶解,密度降低,并存在不同程度的死亡区域,且各给药组增加了乳腺癌中免疫细胞的数量.在癌组织中,与模型组相比,各药物组明显升高IL-2和IFN-γ的含量(P<0.01),而明显降低TNF-α和IL-10的含量(P<0.01).在体外,CrAp可抑制4T1乳腺癌细胞的增殖.在体内,CrAp能抑制4T1乳腺癌的增长,增加荷瘤小鼠的体重,改善乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠的生存.CrAp提高癌组织中免疫因子IL-2、IFN-γ的表达而降低TNF-α、IL-10的表达.此外,CrAp可以增强ADM抗4T1乳腺癌及免疫调节作用.     

血清microRNA在肿瘤诊断和预后评估中的应用

介绍了血清microRNA与肿瘤发生的关系, 并且在此基础上系统介绍了国内外将血清microRNA作为肿瘤标志物的研究进展. 尽管血清microRNA作为肿瘤的分子标志物尚有许多问题要解决, 但目前的研究结果已经证明血清microRNA表达谱的变化与多种肿瘤的发生、发展具有明确的相互关系, 说明血清microRNA可以作为肿瘤临床诊断和预后评估的分子标志物. 而且, 血清microRNA自身的特性也决定了其在应用于肿瘤临床诊断和预后评估时具有创伤小、技术快速、便捷等优点.     

STAT1 signaling is required for optimal Th1 cell differentiation in mice

Although IFN-γ alone does not prime type I T helper cell (Th1) differentiation, the loss of IFN-γ signaling leads to impaired Th1 phenotype: IFN-γ receptor-deficient (Ifngr-/-) Th1 cells fail to permanently repress IL-4 expression. They can differentiate into IL-4-producing cells under Th2-inducing conditions. These observations suggest that IFN-γ signaling plays a critical role in si- lencing Il4 gene in Th1 cells and stabilizing Th1 phenotype. IFN-γ signaling has been further shown to inhibit IL-4 express...     

局部阴影条件下光伏电池输出特性实验研究

光伏电池在运行期间容易受到周围建筑物、树木和电线杆以及天空中的乌云等影响,导致输出特性变坏,能量输出能力降低。本文根据光伏电池的数学模型,搭建具体系统,对阴影遮盖条件下光伏电池输出特性进行了研究。实验结果表明：阴影对电压、电流影响很大且不成比例,当阴影遮盖面积超过1/2后光伏电池输出功率降到原来的1%。     

论积屑瘤对加工精度的影响

在精切削加工时,为什么采用极低或高速切削时工件表面粗糙度低？为什么采用润滑性能好的切削液、刀具前角大、进给量和刀具主偏角小工件表面粗糙度低？为什么工件材料硬度高、脆性大的材料,在切削时粗糙度低？等等。怎么保证加工质量,值得深思。本文论述了在切削塑性材料过程中一种常见的物理、力学作用下,积屑瘤的生长条件,消失、防止措施,及对精加工表面粗糙度产生的影响。     

热网循环水泵的选型及运行节能分析

介绍了热水管网的运行调节方式、循环水泵选型的基本原则及选型方法,通过案例对采用分阶段改变流量的质调节时,水泵的多种选型方案及运行电耗进行了分析比较。     

猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的分离与鉴定

目的从临床疑似猫病毒性鼻气管炎的病例中分离猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型。方法用猫肾细胞(FK-81)对临床疑似猫病毒性鼻气管炎病猫的眼鼻分泌物进行分离培养,连续传4代,对获得的培养物进行了电子显微镜观察、血凝试验、病毒核酸型试验、理化特性试验以及PCR扩增和扩增产物基因测序鉴定。结果该病毒粒子呈球形,直径为160 nm左右,有囊膜。凝集猫红细胞,不凝集猪、兔、犬、小鼠和鸡的红细胞。病毒对乙醚、酸、热、胰蛋白酶敏感,其核酸型属DNA。PCR扩增为猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型阳性,扩增产物基因序列与Nunberg等报道猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的基因序列同源性为100%(登录号:M26660)。结论在国内首次成功分离一株猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型,其形态、血凝性、理化特性、基因序列等与国外文献报道一致,为猫病毒性鼻气管炎病原学、疫苗免疫、诊断及分子生物学研究奠定基础。