迁移学习在食用油光谱模型转移中的应用

由不同光谱仪器采集的光谱数据建立的模型在共享使用时,会出现模型失效问题,使得模型的利用率低,不利于光谱行业的发展需要。尝试采用迁移学习方法探究在食用油酸值和过氧化值2个指标上的模型转移。实验样本为大豆油、花生油、芝麻油和玉米油共50个食用油样本;实验仪器为VERTEX70傅里叶红外光谱仪和AntarisⅡ傅里叶近红外光谱仪(包含光纤探头和透射探头)。以不同的仪器组合设计了3组实验,采用偏最小二乘法建立近红外光谱定量分析模型,进行了模型转移研究。以第一组实验为例,经过迁移学习后建立的酸值和过氧化值模型的相关系数,由0.068419和-0.371980上升至0.730980和0.819040;校正均方根误差系数由0.358180和0.090110下降至0.192480和0.032720。实验表明,迁移学习可以有效地缓解模型失效问题,提高了模型的泛化能力。该研究可为光谱分析模型的广泛应用提供新的思路。     

加工工艺对鸡酥松脂肪氧化的影响

为研究加工工艺对鸡酥松加工过程脂肪氧化的影响,考察蒸煮时间、蒸煮温度、炒松时间对2-硫代巴比妥酸值的影响,分析炒松工艺对鸡酥松脂肪氧化以及综合评分的影响,结果表明,炒松时间显著影响脂肪氧化,加工工艺中对脂肪氧化影响程度由大到小依次为炒松时间、蒸煮温度和初煮时间,而影响产品综合评估得分的因素由强至弱依次为炒松时间、初煮时间和蒸煮温度;优化后较适的加工工艺条件为初煮50min、复煮10min、蒸煮温度90℃、炒松时间20min、2-硫代巴比妥酸作用底物值为2.26mg/kg。产品综合评分与2-硫代巴比妥酸作用底物值的趋势并不完全吻合,鸡酥松加工过程中的工艺影响脂肪氧化程度和产品品质。     

水环境下羟自由基致 Asp 分子损伤机理

采用色散校正密度泛函的WB97X D、 从头算的MP2及自洽反应场理论的SMD模型等方法, 研究在水气相和水液相环境下羟自由基抽取α 氢致天冬氨酸(Asp)损伤的反应机理. 结果表明： 水分子辅助羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤反应有2个通道a和b, 在通道a中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和氨基氮通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 在通道b中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和羰基氧通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 该通道为优势通道; 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为-0.7,18.7 kJ/mol; 羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤的反应有1个通道, 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为8.1,29.9 kJ/mol.     

藤黄酸衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以藤黄酸为原料分别与氨基酸反应,合成了一系列新型的藤黄酸衍生物,其结构经MS、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR确证.采用磺酰罗丹明B(sulfurhodamine B)法测试目标化合物对人肺癌A549、人黑色素瘤A375、人肝癌HepG2和人胃癌BGC823细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性.结果显示,大多数化合物表现出较强的抗肿瘤活性.其中含非极性小基团侧链的氨基酸衍生物的活性普遍较高,化合物3和4的活性明显高于藤黄酸对照品;部分含极性氨基酸的衍生物的活性下降并且针对不同细胞株体现了不同的选择性.     

聚乳酸多元醇的制备研究

聚乳酸多元醇是合成可降解聚氨酯材料的关键软段原料.分别以1,6-己二醇与三羟甲基丙烷为链转移剂,在Sn(Oct)2的作用下使L-丙交酯开环共聚,成功制备出3种聚乳酸多元醇低聚物.通过1H NMR、FT-IR及GPC表征,表明:聚合物的结构与预期设计的吻合;相对分子质量分别为1 202、1 065、1 613; PDI分别为:1. 17、1. 12、1. 17,相对分子质量分布较窄.     

氯化亚锡作为还原剂在废旧锂离子电池有价金属浸出回收中的应用研究

The reductant is a critical factor in the hydrometallurgical recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). There is limited information regarding the use of SnCl₂ as a reductant with organic acid (maleic acid) for recovering valuable metals from spent LiCoO₂ material. In this study, the leaching efficiencies of Li and Co with 1 mol·L?1 of maleic acid and 0.3 mol·L?1 of SnCl₂ were found to be 98.67% and 97.5%, respectively, at 60°C and a reaction time of 40 min. We investigated the kinetics and thermodynamics of the leaching process in this study to better understand the mechanism of the leaching process. Based on a comparison with H₂O₂ with respect to leaching efficiency, the optimal leaching parameters, and the activation energy, we determined that it is feasible to replace H₂O₂ with SnCl₂ as a leaching reductant in the leaching process. In addition, when SnCl₂ is used in the acid-leaching process, Sn residue in the leachate may have a positive effect on the re-synthesis of nickel-rich cathode materials. Therefore, the results of this study provide a potential direction for the selection of reductants in the hydrometallurgical recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs.     

纤维素纳米晶对胶凝复合材料耐酸性能的影响

Acid mine drainage presents an important threat to cementitious structures. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the acid resistance of cementitious composites. CNCs were added to mortar mixtures as additives at cement volume ratios of 0.2vol%, 0.4vol%, 1.0vol%, and 1.5vol%. After 28 d of standard curing, the samples were immersed in a sulfuric acid with a pH value of 2 for 75 d. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, the density, water absorption, void volume test, and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to investigate the properties of CNC mixtures before sulfuric acid immersion. It was found that the addition of CNC reduced the volume of permeable voids and increased the hydration degree and mechanical strength of the samples. Changes in mass and length were monitored during immersion to evaluate the acid resistance of mixtures. The mixture with 0.4vol% CNC showed a reduced mass change and length change indicating its improved acid resistance.     

氧化铁/氧化锌超疏水复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

A facile approach was developed to construct Fe₂O₃-modified ZnO micro/nanostructures with excellent superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic activities. The effects of stearic acid (SA) and Fe₂O₃ on the morphological characteristics, water contact angle (WCA), and photocatalytic degradation were investigated. Superhydrophobicity results showed that WCA increased from 144° ± 2° to 154° ± 2° when the weight of SA increased from 5 to 20 mg because of the formation of a hierarchical or rough structure. Furthermore, Fe₂O₃-modified ZnO micro/nanostructure surfaces before and after SA treatment (20 mg) were chosen to evaluate the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under the support of visible light. MB degraded after 80 min of irradiation, and its photodegradation efficiencies were 91.5% at the superhydrophobic state and 92% at the hydrophilic state. This improvement in photocatalytic activity at both states might be attributed to an increase in surface area and improvement in charge carrier separation.     

夫西地酸联合抗生素抑制脓肿分枝杆菌的研究

为了探究针对脓肿分枝杆菌的抑菌方案,本研究采用MABA法测定夫西地酸等药物对脓肿分枝杆菌标准菌株及临床分离株的最小抑菌浓度MICs,棋盘稀释法测定联合抑菌作用,以及平板涂布法测定最小杀菌浓度MBCs.结果表明,单用夫西地酸、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松钠、贝达喹啉对脓肿分枝杆菌标准株的MIC90与MBC分别为50、6.25、3.13、3.13 μg/mL与 50、12.5、3.13、6.25 μg/mL, 夫西地酸联用阿奇霉素的协同指数FICI从0.09~2.0不等;夫西地酸对脓肿分枝杆菌具有良好的体外抑菌活性,且夫西地酸与阿奇霉素联用后对标准株与临床株表现出明显的协同效应,相比单药作用极大地降低药物的MIC及MBC;其与头孢曲松钠联用后对标准株与临床株分别表现出协同、相加作用;与贝达喹啉联用后对标准株与临床株分别表现出相加、无关作用.     

基于SnO2/TiO2/Au NPs纳米复合材料发展光电化学方法特异性检测唾液酸

制备了氧化铟锡（ITO）/二氧化锡（SnO₂）/二氧化钛（TiO₂）/金纳米粒子（Au NPs）纳米复合电极（ITO/SnO₂/TiO₂/Au NPs）,并利用它发展了可以选择性检测唾液酸（SA）的光电化学（PEC）法.采用旋涂法制备了ITO/SnO₂电极,并通过静电纺丝和磁控溅射技术在ITO/SnO₂表面原位合成了TiO₂纳米纤维和Au NPs.与单纯SnO₂比,ITO/SnO₂/TiO₂/Au NPs纳米复合电极的光电性能显著提高.这可能与Au NPs的局域表面等离子体共振效应（LSPR）和TiO₂/SnO₂异质结之间的协同作用密切相关.之后,通过金硫键（Au-S）将四巯基苯硼酸（4-MPBA）修饰在ITO/SnO₂/TiO₂/Au NPs电极表面,利用4-MPBA和SA之间的非特异性酯化反应,发展了可以特异性检测SA的PEC传感平台.