聚乙二醇—硫酸铵双水相萃取分离测定铬(Ⅵ)的研究

利用聚乙二醇-硫酸铵双水相体系,研究二苯偕肼-铬(Ⅵ)配合物的显色和萃取分离条件,建立了萃取、分离、测定于一身的非有机溶剂(水相)萃取光度法,并用于钢中微量铬的测定.实验表明,在0.18-0.35 mol/L的硫酸溶液中,在硫酸铵存在下,Cr(Ⅵ)与二苯偕肼的配合物可被聚乙二醇(PEG)相萃取,且最大吸收峰为550 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε550=3.0×104L.mol-1.cm-1铬(Ⅵ)浓度在0~55μg/25 ml范围内符合比耳定律.此法用于测定钢中铬,操作简便,安全无毒,分析速度快,是一种集萃取分离与测定为一体的测定结果准确的测铬新方法.     

Nano Cr Interlayered CrN Coatings on Steels

CrN coated steels assisted with a nano Cr interlayer were investigated. The Cr nano-interlayers were prepared by sputter deposition with a thickness about 70-100 nm. CrN coatings were also prepared by sputter deposition on the Cr nano-interlayers. The crystal structures, microhardness, and scratch resistance of CrN/Cr coatings were determined. Results show that the Cr nano-interlayers improve scratch resistance and the microhardness of CrN coated steels. A rapid heat treatment with infrared （IR） was performed for coated specimens in the attempt to improve bonding, With IR heat treatments, the beneficial effect of the Cr nano-interlayers was clearly observed. Without the Cr nano-interlayers, severe cracks on the surface of coatings were observed after IR heat treatment. However, with a Cr interlayer, no cracks on the surface of CrN coatings were observed after the heat treatment. The scratch resistance of coatings was also affected by the Cr nano-interlayers. The scratch track was clean and showed significantly smaller amount of scratch debris for CrN coatings with Cr interlayers than those without the Cr nano-interlayers. The microhardness of coatings with the Cr nano-interlayers is higher than those without the Cr nano-interlayers after IR heat treatment. The Cr and CrN phase have been identified with X-ray diffraction analysis, and the results show that the higher the nitrogen content in the sputtering gas, the stronger the CrN peaks observed in the diffraction patterns are.     

20钢渗铬层组织性能分析及其应用

利用金相显微镜、电子探针和Ｘ射线衍射等手段,对２０钢固体渗铬处理后渗层的层深、组织和成分等进行了测量和分析;并研究了渗剂成分及配比对渗层的影响。以２Ｃｒ１７不锈钢作为对比材料,通过中性盐雾试验、挂片试验和阳极极化曲线的测定,分析了渗铬层的耐腐蚀性。     

高浓度含铬(Ⅵ)污染物的微生物培养条件及解毒特性

环境污染物的生物降解具有高效、低成本等优势,但高浓度六价铬污染物对微生物有抑制作用.探讨了微生物解毒六价铬的效果,并优化微生物赖以生存的培养基组成,得到微生物适宜的组分构成.经厌氧条件与兼性条件的对比实验,确定了微生物解毒的外部环境.测定微生物生长曲线,得到该种微生物的对数生长期在2 d左右,为微生物的快速解毒提供了理论基础.强化微生物对高浓度Cr⁶⁺的解毒效果,对于200 mg/L以下Cr⁶⁺污染物微生物解毒完全.对于高浓度的Cr⁶⁺污染物效果也明显,Cr⁶⁺含量600 mg/L经过5 d后可降至82 mg/L.     

电子显微术研究含铈铁铬合金的氧化行为

利用ＳＡＭ、ＸＰＳ和ＳＥＭ技术,研究含铈的铁－１８铬合金的氧化膜的形貌特征,测定每间隔数个纳米的不同深度的氧化层的组分,分析它的结构状态,动态分析结果,获得了铬向外迁移、改变氧化膜成分和结构、以及铈向界面扩散和偏聚的试验数据。根据结果进一步探讨了添加微量元素铈对合金元素铬在氧化过程中扩散的影响。     

微波程序压力消解-逆扩散流动注射化学发光法快速测定枸杞果中的微量铬

为了建立一种快速测定枸杞中微量铬的新方法,将样品经微波程序消解后,用亚硫酸将Cr6+还原为Cr3+,利用逆扩散流动注射分析技术,结合Cr3+对Luminol-H2O2化学发光体系的线性催化作用测定枸杞中总铬含量.结果表明:在最佳条件下,该方法的线性范围为1.0×10-12～1.0×10-7mol/L,相关系数r=0.9991,对1.0×10-7mol/LCr3+,测定的RSD为3.1%(n=11);按3倍标准偏差(3S)计算的检出限为8.64×10-13mol/L,枸杞样品中铬的质量比为8.217μg/g,加标回收率为94.81%～101.54%.该方法快速简便,灵敏度高,选择性好,用于枸杞中微量铬的测定,结果令人满意.     

醋酸铬（Ⅱ）水合物制备实验的改进

对醋酸铬（Ⅱ）水合物制备实验进行了探讨,改进了实验装置。改进后的实验节省了原料盐酸和锌粒的用量,提高了产率,实验效果较好。     

高碳高铬钢/含铬灰铸铁离心复合界面的研究

通过正交设计实验优化得到了高碳高铬钢、含铬灰铸铁的最优成分;采用卧式悬臂离心实验机对高碳高铬钢/含铬灰铸铁进行离心复合·在复合成功的基础上,利用金相显微镜对不同实验条件下的复合界面进行了对比、分析·结果表明:经离心复合铸造,高碳高铬钢/含铬灰铸铁复合界面为结合紧密的复合层;复合试样经1080℃保温1h,水淬+500℃回火1h处理后,复合界面碳化物扩散更充分,但对复合界面宽度没有影响;浇注温度提高,复合界面宽度增加,当高碳高铬钢液浇注温度由1460℃提高到1480℃时,复合界面宽度增加了100μm·     

Influence of nanometric CeO2 coating on high temperature oxidation of Cr

Isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of chromium and its superficially applied nanometric CeO₂ samples were studied at 900℃ in air. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electronic microscopy (HREM) were used to examine the morphology and micro-structure of oxide films. It was found that ceria addition greatly improved the anti-oxidation ability of Cr both in isothermal and cyclic oxidizing experiments. Acoustic emission (AE) technique was used in situ to monitor the cracking and spalling of oxide films, and AE signals were analyzed in time-domain and number-domain according to the related oxide fracture model. Laser Raman spectrometer was also used to study the stress status of oxide films formed on Cr with and without ceria. The main reason for the improvement in anti-oxidation of chromium was that ceria greatly reduced the growing speed and grain size of Cr₂O₃. This fine-grained Cr₂O₃ oxide film might have better high temperature plasticity and could relieve parts of compressive stress by means of creeping, and maintained the ridge character and relatively low internal stress level. Meanwhile, ceria application reduced the size and the number of interfacial defects, while remarkably enhanced the adhesive property of Cr₂O₃ oxide scale formed on Cr substrate.     

菠萝皮生物炭负载纳米零价铁去除水中的铬

以菠萝皮制成的生物炭为载体负载纳米零价铁(n ZVI)合成功能性生物炭(n ZVI/BC),采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对材料进行表征,考察了p H和初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率的影响,并对其机理进行研究。结果表明:n ZVI/BC对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效率在p H=3时达到峰值90. 3%,而在p H=9时去除效率最低。吸附动力学实验数据符合准二级动力学(PSO)模型;当Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度由10 mg/L增加到30 mg/L时,速率常数由0. 466 0 min-1减小到0. 237 1 min-1,说明反应速率随着溶液Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度的增大而减小。SEM图像显示n ZVI与生物炭的表面结合良好。反应前后的XRD和XPS分析表明,在反应过程中,n ZVI和Cr(Ⅵ)发生吸附,还原和共沉淀。因此,菠萝皮生物炭负载n ZVI可作为水中Cr(Ⅵ)去除的有效复合材料。