改性水果皮对水中六价铬吸附性能研究

利用巯基乙酸方法对苹果皮、柚子皮进行改性处理。通过在不同温度、吸附剂质量和六价铬溶液浓度的条件下,对改性后的苹果皮和柚子皮吸附六价铬溶液的吸附性能进行比较。结果表明,温度、吸附质浓度对吸附剂的吸附效果影响明显。二者的吸附过程都符合二级动力学方程。     

铬污染土壤浸泡与无水电解电动联合修复实验

对TCr质量分数为2 312 mg/kg的污染土壤进行7轮蒸馏水预浸泡处理,然后再进行无水电解电动修复.污染土壤经过水浸泡、85.4 h和203 h的无水电解电动修复后,TCr去除率分别为45％、67％和84％,表明预浸泡处理可以显著降低铬污染土壤电动修复的负荷.通过采用铁阳极和CuSO4阴极工作液,抑制水的电解,使Fe2+离子和SO42-离子分别替代H+离子和OH-离子进入土壤,可以提高铬(Ⅵ)的电迁移数,提高铬污染土壤电动修复的电流效率.     

由氢氧化铬渣制取工业氧化铬产品的工艺

针对氢氧化铬渣进行了无害化处理研究,考察了Na OH质量浓度、液固质量比、浸出温度、搅拌速率、浸出时间等条件对铬渣中Al的脱除率的影响.实验结果显示,在温度为100℃、Na OH质量浓度为150 g/L、液固质量比为7∶1、搅拌速率为400 r/min、浸出时间为3.5 h的条件下,铬渣中Al的浸出率可以达到92.69%.碱浸渣水洗脱碱后,在950℃条件下煅烧90 min,最终得到的产品中氧化铬的含量可达到97.23%,经过CIE L*a*b*表色体系测定,由铬渣制取的氧化铬产品偏绿,适用于工业用途.     

Sintering behavior of Cr in different atmospheres and its effect on the microstructure and properties of copper-based composite materials

Copper matrix composites consisting of chromium (Cr) or ferrochrome (Cr-Fe) as strengthening elements and molybdenum disulfide as a lubricant had been sintered in nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere, respectively. Their morphology and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis showed that serious interaction occurred between MoS₂ and Cr (or Cr-Fe) particles when the samples were sintered in hydrogen atmosphere. Chromium sulfide compound (Cr_xS_y) was formed as a reaction product, which decreased the density and strength of the composites remarkably. This interaction was inhibited when the samples were sintered in nitrogen atmosphere; thus, the mechanical properties of the composites were improved.     

氢离子辐照对CLAM钢微观结构的影响

利用氢离子辐照的方法研究了CLAM钢的辐照缺陷形成行为.实验发现,在基本成分的CLAM钢及添加Si的CLAM钢中都产生了辐照析出现象.耐腐蚀合金元素Cr是产生辐照析出的合金元素之一,合金元素Si对于提高CLAM钢的抗辐照析出性能具有显著作用.     

淀粉水热还原铬酸钠过程动力学研究

为避免传统氧化铬工艺所产生的含铬副产物对环境的污染,本文提出了用淀粉水热还原铬酸钠生产氧化铬的新工艺。在对水热还原过程的反应规律及反应机理进行分析的基础上,对淀粉水热还原铬酸钠过程的动力学进行了研究,调查了影响六价铬还原转化率的因素。结果表明,反应温度、反应物浓度和反应时间是主要因素。选择等温、恒容、不可逆反应动力学模型来描述其反应过程,其动力学方程为：r=-d［Cr(Ⅵ)］/dt=1.367×10¹³e^{-100.566×1000/RT}［Cr(Ⅵ)］［St］,即指前因子、表观活化能和总反应级数分别为1.367×10¹³L/(mol·h)、100.566kJ/mol和二级或拟二级。该反应属化学反应控制,对Cr（Ⅵ）和淀粉均表现为一级或拟一级。     

双指示剂催化动力学测定痕量铬-Cr(Ⅵ)-H_2O_2-次甲基蓝-罗丹明B体系

在pH 4.8的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液介质中,利用痕量铬(Ⅵ)催化H2O2氧化次甲基蓝和罗丹明B褪色的指示反应,通过测量在555 nm和665 nm下催化体系和非催化体系吸光度的变化,建立双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度分析测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的新方法.方法的线性范围为0.025～1.40μg/25mL,检出限为5.2 × 10-10g/mL.该法简单、灵敏度高、选择性好,用于废水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)的测定,结果满意.     

Synthesis of nanocrystalline NiCrC alloy feedstock powders for thermal spraying by cryogenic ball milling

Nanocrystalline NiCrC alloy powders with a qualified particle size distribution for thermal spraying were synthesized using the cryogenic ball milling (cryomilling) method. The morphology, microstructure, size distribution, and phase transformation of the powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scattering for particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After cryomilling for 20 h, the average grain size of the as-milled powders approached a constant value of 30 nm by XRD measurement. The average particle size slightly increased from 17.5 to 20.3 μm during the 20-h milling. About 90vol% of the powders satisfied the requirement for thermal spraying with the particle dimension of 10-50 μm, and most of the powders exhibited spherical morphology, which were expected to have good fluidity during thermal spraying. The Cr₂O₃ phase formed during the cryornilling process as revealed in the XRD spectra, which was expected to enhance the thermal stability of the as-milled powders during the followed thermal spraying or other heat treatment.     

在β-环糊精存在下催化动力学光度法测定铬(VI)

在β-环糊精存在下,根据铬催化溴酸钾氧化罗丹明B的褪色反应,建立了测定痕量铬的新方法.实验结果表明:方法的最大吸收波长为575 nm,铬量在0.007～0.27 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.95×105L.mol-1.cm-1.用于钢样中铬含量的测定,结果与认定值吻合.     

铬铁矿分解方法的研究

采用碱熔法分解铬铁矿,并用硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定三氧化二铬质量分数,对比了不同熔剂对测定结果的影响.结果表明,以质量比为2∶1的过氧化钠和氢氧化钠作为熔剂熔融分解铬铁矿,样品分解完全,测定结果准确可靠.