Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

Structural and Chemical Diversity of TI-Based Cuprate Superconductors

The first TI一based euprate supereonduetor,TI一Ba-Cu一(),was diseovered by 2.2.Sheng and A.M.Hermann仁1〕. TI beeomes supereondueting at 2.38 K.NumerousTI eompounds and alloys are supereondueting.TIMo6Ses has the highest transition temperature of1 2.2 K among all non一euprate Tl eontaining alloyand eompound supereonduetors.Before thediseovery of the euprate supereonduetors,some TIeontaining oxide supereonduetors were found,among whieh TI。.3W()3 has the highest transitiontemPerature,2.14 K. Sinee the diseovery of TI euPratesuPereonduetors,two distinet families have beenidentified.Soon after the diseovery of TI一Ba一Cu-(),supereonduetivity was eonfirmed in TI一Ba一Ca-Cu一()samples.The ehemieal eompositions anderystal struetures of those eompounds were workedout as T12BaZCu()6,T12BaZCaCuZ()。,andT12BaZCaZCu3OI。[2〕.This 15 the first family of TIeuPrate supereonduetors,whieh features two TIatoms in eaeh ehemieal formula.     

大学预科化学课程教学探讨

本针对大学预科班学生的特点，从大学预科化学课程的基本目的和要求出发，讨论大学预科化学课程教学中应注意的问题．     

微孔草种子化学成分的研究

从微孔草 (MicroulasikkimenisHemsl)种子中首次分离出 8个已知化合物 :β 谷甾醇 (1)、羽扇豆醇 (2 )、白桦脂醇 (3 )、豆甾 4 烯 3 酮 (4)、豆甾 4 烯 3 二酮 (5 )、羟基豆甾 4 烯 3酮 (6)、诺米林 (7)、如忒文 (8) .报道了这8个化合物的分离纯化和结构鉴定     

巴比妥酸对B-Z振荡反应的影响及其分析应用

研究了巴比妥酸对B Z振荡反应的影响,结果表明,巴比妥酸的加入明显改变了振荡体系的周期和振幅,且巴比妥酸的浓度与振荡周期改变值ΔT及振幅改变值ΔA均呈现良好的线性关系,线性范围为6 4×10-7～3 1×10-3mol/L,相关系数分别为0 9921和0 9954.对振荡体系的扰动机理进行了初步探讨.     

新疆北鲵肌肉蛋白质、氨基酸、无机元素及食物组成分析

本报道了新疆北鲵肌肉蛋白质含量为19．08％，氨基酸17种，无机元素有Ca等6种，成幼体食物组成中以石蚕及腺状介虫为主．     

干燥控制化学添加剂在制备硅气凝胶中的应用

以硅溶胶为主要原料,通过硅溶胶体系的凝胶过程中添加干燥控制化学添加剂(DCCA),并结合非超临界干燥技术制备了硅气凝胶,研究了DCCA对凝胶过程和最终所得气凝胶品质的影响。DCCA能使凝胶的生成时间增加,凝胶结构均匀化,构成凝胶的基本微粒的粒径有所减小。在一定的DCCA添加量范围内,随着DCCA添加量的增加,所得气凝胶样品的密度有所减小,比表面积增加,微观结构变得更加完善,孔分布也更加集中。不同DCCA对气凝胶品质的影响规律不尽相同,气凝胶的品质就有可能通过调节添加DCCA的种类和量得到控制。     

环境教育与化学教学相结合的实践途径

根据中专学校的特点,通过必修课、选修课和课外活动等不同教学形式,使环境教育与中专化学教学相结合,不断提高学生的环保意识和参与能力。     

醋酐合成的化学平衡计算

用热力学的方法研究了醋酸甲酯及甲醇合成醋酐的反应，计算了反应温度对化学平衡常数的影响，温度、原料配比和压力对反应的平衡转化率和平衡组成的影响，为醋酐合成最佳工艺条件的选择和催化剂的改进提供了依据。     

过饱和胆汁结晶过程的物理化学

描绘了胆固醇型结石形成过程中胆固醇结晶的生化图景。着重从相变动力学的角度对过饱和胆汁结晶过程进行了分析，提出了可能的结晶机制。通过简化的模型．，给出了结晶推动力，并绘制了可能的C-X图。△Gs，△Gn，△Gnuc的提出可能促进促、抗成核因子的相关研究。