电喷汽油机燃用大比例含水乙醇汽油的试验

在一台JL368Q双燃料多点电喷发动机上进行台架试验,对比分析了3种含水乙醇汽油(E15W、E30W、E50W)的动力性、经济性和排放特性.结果表明:在汽油机结构及参数未做任何调整下,低速时,含水乙醇汽油的转距、功率和93#汽油基本相当,随着转速增大,E15W、E50W略低于93#汽油,E30W仍和汽油基本相当;油耗率E15W比汽油低大约0.35%,随着含醇量的增大,油耗率逐渐升高;3种乙醇汽油的NOx排放均略高于93#汽油,但CO的排放都低于93#汽油,E30W的CO排放在整个测试区间最优.随着含醇量的增加,HC排放能得到不断的改善.     

基于3DGIS的化工企业重大危险源信息系统研究

建立基于3DGIS技术的重大危险源信息系统,以三维动态视景形象,直观地向用户展示重大危险源的现实状态及事故模拟结果,有针对性地提高化工企业重大危险源监管水平及事故应急救援能力,对预防和控制重大事故有重要的意义.文章介绍了系统的目标、任务、体系结构和数据库的设计,以及系统的主要功能与关键技术.     

高校化学实验室通风系统研究

针对高校化学实验室的特点,提出化学实验室通风系统、自动控制系统、BENTAX净化系统设计方案。通过对设计方案的研究,为类似工程实践提供可参考的思路和方法。     

亚微米Fe包Co空心微球的制备

研究了一种制备Fe包Co空心微球的新方法.以纳米铁粒子为模板,水合肼为还原剂,通过化学镀制备出具有核-壳结构的Co包Fe纳米粒子,用HCl溶去Fe核制备出空心Co微球,以空心Co微球为模板,NaBH4为还原剂,通过化学镀Fe制备了亚微米Fe包Co的空心微球.研究发现,在化学镀Fe过程中,Fe包Co空心微球之间极易形成硬黏结,通过降低反应物浓度和反应温度,增大反应液pH值抑制镀液中Fe粒子的独立形核,则可明显防止Fe包Co空心微球之间硬黏结的发生.     

Improved acetone sensing properties of flat sensors based on Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers

Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized by an electrospinning method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Gas sensors were fabricated by spinning these nanofibers onto flat ceramic substrates, which had signal electrodes and heaters on their top and bottom surfaces, respectively. Compared with sensors loaded with pure SnO2 nanofibers, the Co-SnO2 nanofiber sensors exhibited improved acetone sensing properties with high selectivity and rapid response and recovery times. The response was 33 when the sensors were exposed to 100 μL/L acetone at 330°C, and the corresponding response with 100 μL/L of ethanol was only 6. The response and recovery times to acetone were about 5 and 8 s, respectively. These results indicate Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers are good candidates for fabrication of high performance acetone sensors for practical application.     

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma recorded by major elements in sediments of the South China Sea

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been investigated in the study of global change. Core sediment samples drilled in the South China Sea during ODP Leg184 are the best materials for studying long-term variability of the East Asian monsoon. R-mode factor analysis of major elements in the fine grain-sized carbonate-free sediments (<4 μm) of the upper 185 mcd splice of ODP Site 1146 drilled during Leg184 in the South China Sea shows that Ti, TFe2O3, MgO, K2O, P, CaO, and Al2O3 are representative of a terrestrial factor. The variation in the terrestrial factor score is subject to chemical erosion in the source region and thus indicates the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The terrestrial factor score has three stepwise decreases at ~1.3 Ma, ~0.9 Ma, and ~0.6 Ma, indicating the phased weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon is related to wholly stepwise, quick uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma. The periodic fluctuation of the terrestrial factor score since ~0.6 Ma indicates that the glacial-interglacial cycles have been the main force driving the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. As in the case of Chinese loess, the long-term evolution of the East Asian monsoon recorded in sediments of the South China Sea reflects a coupled effect of the glacial-interglacial cycle and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

化学沉积法制备用于印制电子的超细银粉

采用液相化学沉积法,以硝酸银为原料,水合肼为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,在室温下将硝酸银溶液滴加到还原性溶液中得到银颗粒的悬浮液,并经微孔滤膜过滤后制得用于印制电子业的超细银粉.用TEM、XRD与粒径分析等手段对产物的粒径与性状进行了表征,并进一步研究了PVP与硝酸银浓度对银粉粒度及产率的影响.这种制备工艺避免了传统机械研磨工艺中银粉纯度低、技术指标不一致的缺点,具有较好的应用前景.     

大麻药化学成分研究

 研究大麻药Dolichos falcata Klein的化学成分.大麻药用70%酒精进行提取,然后采用反复硅胶柱色谱法进行分离,根据理化性质和波谱分析数据解析化合物结构.从大麻药中分离得到7个化合物,分别为stig-mast-7,22-dien-3β-ol(Ⅰ),stigmast-7,24-dien-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅱ),大麻药苷A(Ⅲ),十六碳酸(Ⅳ),二十五碳酸(Ⅴ),尿囊素(Ⅵ)及β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅶ).化合物Ⅰ～Ⅱ,Ⅳ～Ⅵ为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

对化工厂基建项目建设安全管理的认识与思考

工程项目安全管理是任何一个项目建设的管理重点,特别是近年来频频出现的工程安全事故,给我们每一位工程建设者和管理者提出了古老而又严肃的课题——如何加强对工程项目的安全管理。文章从分析化工厂基建项目的特点出发,指出其涵括建筑和化工两个行业的特殊之处,因而项目安全管理问题更加突出。进而指出在实践中可能存在的问题及改进的对策,为广大工程管理人员提供了有益借鉴。     

浅谈临界参数在化工计算中的应用

文章通过介绍化合物临界参数的计算方法,以及临界参数在化工计算中的3个重要应用:液体密度计算;气体热容计算;真实气体状态方程参数计算。可得出,临界参数是非常重要的化工物性数据,在化工计算中应引起重视。