纯铜粉末包套-等径角挤压工艺实验研究

针对粉末材料低塑性的特点,在室温条件下采用包套-等径角挤压工艺(PITS-ECAP)将纯铜粉末颗粒直接固结成高致密度块体细晶材料.结果表明,包套-等径角挤压工艺对粉末材料具有有效的致密和细化效果.4道次PITS-ECAP工艺变形后,试样X、Y、Z面均受到剧烈剪切作用,晶粒尺寸得到明显细化,显微组织呈细长条带流线状,且分布较为均匀;试样整体组织达到完全致密,平均显微硬度高达1 470 MPa.在PITSECAP工艺变形过程中,剧烈塑性剪切变形、较高静水压力和有效应变积累是保证粉末材料致密度大幅度提高以及显微组织有效细化的主要原因.     

复压复烧对预合金钢粉烧结材料性能的影响

通过在预合金钢粉中加入C等元素,采用模压-烧结和复压复烧2种方法制备粉末冶金低合金钢,并对其密度、显微组织、力学性能和断口形貌进行分析。研究结果表明:对于添加质量分数为0.8%C的合金粉末,用普通压制-烧结法制备的样品密度最高为7.15 g/cm3,抗拉强度为406 MPa;而用复压复烧法制得的样品密度可达7.53 g/cm3,抗拉强度为611 MPa,伸长率也有很大提升;复压复烧法制得的样品孔隙较少且圆滑平直化,断口分布有大量的韧窝,因此,合金的强度和塑性均较高。     

不同溶剂对医用聚氨酯/壳聚糖粉体共混膜结构的影响

以生物医用聚氨酯为基质,添加超细壳聚糖粉体,通过湿法相转变法制备壳聚糖微粉/生物医用聚氨酯共混多孔膜;考察不同溶剂对铸膜液热力学性质及其共混膜结构和性能的影响.从热力学角度和动力学扩散过程探讨不同膜结构的形成.研究结果表明:以DMAc,DMF和DO为溶剂时,制膜体系的凝胶值从大到小分别为DO体系、DMAc体系和DMF体系;3种溶剂体系所制备的膜上、下表面面积以及断面孔径从大至小均为DMAc,DMF和DO,膜的溶胀度和透湿性从大至小为DMAc,DMF和DO.     

改性废旧硅橡胶复合绝缘子胶粉与三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)共混物的性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）和六亚甲基四胺/氯化铁/氯化亚铁混合物（混合改性剂）分别改性废旧硅橡胶复合绝缘子胶粉,利用衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱（ATR FT-IR）和热失重分析（TGA）表征了KH570改性废胶粉的效果,并将其掺入到三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）中制备共混物。研究了KH570和混合改性剂改性废胶粉对共混物硫化特性和力学性能的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜对共混物的断面形貌进行了分析,结果表明：经过KH570改性,成功在胶粉表面引入活性反应官能团;KH570和混合改性剂都是废旧硅橡胶复合绝缘子胶粉的有效改性剂,其中填充KH570改性胶粉的共混物在硫化性能和力学性能上均有显著提高,界面相容性也更好;随着废胶粉填充量的增大,共混物的力学性能下降。综合考虑共混物成本与性能关系,KH570改性胶粉的用量为10份时（以总橡胶质量为100份计）,共混物的综合力学性能最好。     

PVA、聚丙烯纤维和硅烷基粉末对隧道防火涂料性能的影响

在隧道防火涂料配方中加入聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚丙烯纤维及硅烷基粉末进行改性,并进行宏观试验(粘结、耐火、抗渗和抗裂试验)和微观试验(孔结构、电镜扫描和热重分析试验)研究.试验结果表明:在隧道防火涂料中掺入适量的PVA、聚丙烯纤维和硅烷基粉末,可以优化孔结构、改善界面过渡区、使内部受力更均匀,从而提高隧道防火涂料的粘结强度、抗渗和抗裂性能.     

固结粉胶凝材料开发与胶结充填体强度试验

针对金川矿山开采面临的采矿经济与环保压力,利用酒钢低活性酸性矿渣,开展新型充填胶凝材料开发,获得称为固结粉的早强型新型充填胶凝材料。为了实现固结粉在金川矿山工业化应用,针对金川矿山废石、棒磨砂、戈壁砂和河沙等骨料,开展了4种充填骨料的固结粉胶结充填体抗压强度试验。结果表明,除了戈壁粗砂骨料胶结充填体3 d抗压强度小于设计抗压强度外,其他3种充填骨料的固结粉胶结充填体抗压强度均满足金川矿山安全采矿要求,说明早强型固结粉胶凝材料应用于金川矿山充填法采矿中能够替代水泥。     

垃圾焚烧炉渣粉替代矿粉对沥青混合料性能的影响

探讨了生活垃圾焚烧(MSWI)炉渣粉料(BAP)100%(质量分数)替代矿粉配制沥青混合料的可行性及其对沥青混合料性能的影响.进行了炉渣粉沥青混合料的配合比设计,分析了炉渣粉料对各项马歇尔指标以及沥青用量的影响;评价了炉渣粉料对沥青混合料路用性能的影响.结果表明:炉渣粉料的加入会使设计沥青用量增加,沥青混合料的马歇尔稳定度有所提高;炉渣粉料的表面形貌粗糙多孔,提高了沥青混合料的高温稳定性;炉渣粉料替代矿粉后,设计沥青用量的增加和混合料内部嵌挤结构的增强可以改善沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能;炉渣粉料中的Si O2和金属氧化物会导致沥青混合料的水稳定性有略微的降低;沥青对炉渣粉料的浸润更加良好,黏附状况更加理想.     

Bulk Al–Al3Zr composite prepared by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion for high-temperature applications

Bulk Al/Al3Zr composite was prepared by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and hot extrusion processes. Elemental Al and Zr powders were milled for up to 10 h and heat treated at 600°C for 1 h to form stable Al3Zr. The prepared Al3Zr powder was then mixed with the pure Al powder to produce an Al–Al3Zr composite. The composite powder was finally consolidated by hot extrusion at 550°C. The mechanical properties of consolidated samples were evaluated by hardness and tension tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results show that annealing of the 10-h-milled powder at 600°C for 1 h led to the formation of a stable Al3Zr phase. Differential scanning calorime-try (DSC) results confirmed that the formation of Al3Zr began with the nucleation of a metastable phase, which subsequently transformed to the stable tetragonal Al3Zr structure. The tension yield strength of the Al?10wt%Al3Zr composite was determined to be 103 MPa, which is approximately twice that for pure Al (53 MPa). The yield stress of the Al/Al3Zr composite at 300°C is just 10% lower than that at room tem-perature, which demonstrates the strong potential for the prepared composite to be used in high-temperature structural applications.     

New-corrected functions of X-ray powder diffraction

X-ray powder diffraction is an indispensable technique to study material structure, phase transition and so on. It is necessary for high quality diffraction data to get high-precision diffraction angle. This work proposed four corrected functions of X-ray powder diffraction angle. Two methods, linearization method and modified Levenberg-Marquardt iteration method, are given to solve the function parameters, and the modified Levenberg-Marquardt method has fast convergent speed and stable solution. Two methods can give closed parameters, including those of Lu, Liu, and Chu functions and polynomial. New-corrected functions were used to fit the diffraction angle error of the tetragonal rutile polycrystalline TiO2 mixed with Gd0.45Y2.55Sc2Ga3O12 as a standard sample, and the computation result indicates that these functions can characterize the diffraction error very well. In some cases, the new-corrected functions can describe the diffraction angle error better than the reported corrected functions. At the same time, the lattice parameter of Gdo.45Y2.55Sc2Ga3O12 was computed with two methods. When the corrected function parameters and lattice parameters were solved by the least square method, the interaction of the function parameters and lattice parameters would result in great error. However, when the X-ray diffraction angles were corrected by corrected functions using a standard sample, the authentic lattice parameters can be obtained by the least square fitting.     

低品位硼铁矿中硼的富集

采用还原焙烧、磁选工艺流程和粉矿直接入炉焙烧技术,对难选低品位硼铁矿中硼的富集进行了研究.按化学当量比C/O=1(原子比)进行配碳,使用马弗炉进行焙烧实验,在500～1 450℃研究了不同焙烧温度下硼品位和硼回收率的变化.研究结果表明:随着焙烧温度的提高,铁晶颗粒增大,在1 200℃时硼精粉品位达到14.29%,满足硼化工工业对硼品位的要求(ω(B2O3)≥12%);硼回收率在1 200℃以上时能达到90%以上.当焙烧温度在1 350℃以上时,硼的回收率和品位没有太大的变化.焙烧温度选择在1 200～1 350℃为宜,既能实现高的硼回收率,硼品位又能满足硼化工工业的要求.