非单向流洁净室换气次数的计算方法

为减少洁净室能耗,提出了理论计算此类洁净室换气次数的新数学模型,新模型基于室内空气颗粒物输送的模拟流程,室内气溶胶浓度计算考虑了换气次数、室内颗粒物散发量、过滤器效率、新风比和室外气溶胶浓度等多个参数．将新的数学模型与以往的数学模型进行了对比,新的数学模型考虑了更多的环境参数和变量的影响,这使得新的数学模型计算得出的换气次数更合理、更精确．采用敏感性分析的方法,评价了各个变量对洁净室洁净度的影响大小．研究结果表明计算室内气溶胶浓度时考虑更全面的参数变量可以把洁净室的换气次数降到最小并满足洁净室要求,从而有效降低洁净室的能耗．     

湿地动态变化及驱动因素分析——以重庆市北碚区为例

以重庆市北碚区各乡镇的湿地利用类型为研究对象,依据该研究区的社会经济土地数据和湿地利用变更数据,采用单一土地利用动态度模型,综合土地利用动态度模型及土地利用相对变化率模型,对研究区域1999-2007年间各乡镇的湿地利用类型动态变化情况和驱动力因素进行了分析.结果表明:在这8年间北碚区的湿地总体面积在不断的减少,其中以人工湿地减少的最多,特别是灌溉水田和望天田减少的面积占了研究区湿地减少总面积的99%;另外,研究还表明,湿地面积的减少与气温升高和人类活动有直接关系.     

用te(L2(27))刻画L2(27)

令G为有限群,πe(G)为G的元素的阶的集合,k∈πe(G),mk表示G中k阶元的个数,τe(G)={mk|k∈πe(G)}.证明L2(27)可用τe(L2(27))加以刻画,换言之,当G为群且满足τe(G)=τe(L2(27))={1,16 383,16 256,341 376,1 040 256,682 752}时,有G■L2(27).     

Variety distribution pattern and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under climate change

This study was based on the daily meteorological data of 101 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2000 and the 0.25°×0.25° grid data from 1951 to 2100 simulated by RegCM3 under the future A1B climatic scenario published by National Climate Center,in combination with the demand of climatic condition for maize growth in Northeast China.The trajectory of agricultural climatic resources and the effects of climate change on variety distribution and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under future climate change were analyzed.The main agro-climatic resource factors include:the initial date daily average temperature stably passing 10℃(≥10℃),the first frost date,the days of growing period,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature,and the total radiation and precipitation in the growing period.The results showed that:(1) in the coming 100 years,the first date of ≥10℃ would be significantly advanced,and the first frost date would be delayed.The days of growing period would be extended,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and the total radiation would be significantly increased.However,no significant change was found in precipitation.(2) Due to the climate change,the early-maturing varieties will be gradually replaced by late-maturing varieties in Northeast China,and the planting boundaries of several maize varieties would be extended northward and eastward.(3) There would be a significant change in the climatic potential productivity of maize in Northeast China with the high-value gradually moving towards northeast.(4) It was an effective way to increase the climatic potential productivity of maize by appropriate adjustment of sowing date.     

Estimation of urbanization bias in observed surface temperature change in China from 1980 to 2009 using satellite land-use data

Since the 1980s,China has undergone rapid urbanization.Meanwhile,the climate has been warming substantially.In this paper,the urbanization effect on observed temperatures from 1980 to 2009 in China is estimated,based on analysis of urban land use from satellite observation.Urban land-use expansion(U) during 1980-2005 is applied as an urbanization index.According to these U values,stations are divided into three categories:(C1) intense urbanization around the stations;(C2) moderate urbanization around the stations;and(C3) minimal urbanization around the stations.Most C1 stations are in municipalities or provincial capitals,while C2 stations tend to be in prefecture-level cities.C3 stations are mostly in counties.The urban heat island(UHI) effect can be estimated if the urban effect on C3 is negligible.The warming of C1 or C2 relative to that of C3 represents their urbanization effects,assuming that the same larger-scale natural warming has affected each category.For C1,the local urbanization effect is 0.258°C/10 a over 1980-2009,accounting for 41% of the total warming;the trend at C2 is 0.099°C/10 a,or 21%.For all China,the urbanization effect is 0.09°C/10a,accounting for 20% of the total national warming.Winter urban warming is greater than in summer.The assumption of negligible urbanization effect on C3 is debatable,and so the true urbanization effect may equal or slightly exceed estimates.Further,the U index may have some uncertainties,for it is only one of the urbanization indices.However,it provides a new and direct estimation of environmental change,in contrast to indirect indices.     

Modern human behaviors during the late stage of the MIS3 and the broad spectrum revolution: Evidence from a Shuidonggou Late Paleolithic site

The last glacial period was vital for the distribution and evolution of early modern humans in Asia. The Shuidonggou Late Paleolithic site, dated at 30-20 ka BP, accumulated cultural remains during the important late stage of MIS 3 period in the last glacial. These remains represent characteristics of typical Late Paleolithic conditions in North China:high degree of standardization and morphological variability of tool types, exploitation of bone materials, systematic use of body decorations, extensive use of earth-pit hearths, distinct functional spatial organization within habitations, and conversion of subsistence patterns. These characteristics illustrate early modern human behaviors during the late MIS3 period, and provide clues and perspectives for the analysis of early modern human origins in China. At the same time, the conversion of subsistence patterns is considered to be a combination of multiple early modern human behaviors, as well as the result of the Broad Spectrum Revolution. In this paper, we argue for the dynamic mechanism of Broad Spectrum Revolution from a human behavioral and ecological perspective.     

高原大学生体质健康水平的动态变化研究

本文以2010年青海师范大学参加体质健康测试的6102名学生的健康水平为对象.根据《学生体质健康标准》中所规定的测试方法进行测试,发现高年级男生营养状况要好于低年级男生,女生四个年龄身高体重差距不明显;四个年龄学生爆发力项目成绩变化不大,耐力项目一二年级学生明显高于三四年级学生成绩;三四年级学生肌肉耐力下降明显,高原大学生学生总体体质健康水平处在较低水平.     

α-乙酰基二硫缩烯酮在TiCl4催化下的酰化反应机理研究

在B3LYP/6-311G(p)理论水平上研究α-乙酰基二硫缩烯酮在TiCl4催化下的酰化反应的微观反应机理.优化反应过程中的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的结构,同时采用了极化连续介质模型(PCM)对各个驻点进行了单点能计算以模拟在CH2Cl2溶剂中的反应过程,并且应用了自然轨道理论(NBO)和分子中的原子理论(AIM)分析了这些物质的成键特征和轨道间的相互作用.计算结果得到此反应在TiCl4催化情况下的活化能小于没有催化剂情况下的活化能,证明了在TiCl4催化剂参加的情况下有利于此反应的进行,溶剂效应也较大程度地降低了此反应的活化能.     

斯嘉丽·奥哈拉：一个具有反抗暴力精神的女性

《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔历时十年之作,本文通过作品中展现的女性地位和女性价值观来分析主人公斯嘉丽的反抗意识。当时,社会要求女性做男性的陪衬,听话、乖顺、不露锋芒。尽管《飘》中的女性大多是千金小姐和名门责妇．但实际上在社会的舞台中她们只是前台的贵宾,离舞台虽近却依然在台下。如果对台上的葶睛大发感慨并指手画脚,就会受到社会的非议,就会受到世人的指责。而书中的女主人公斯嘉丽则敢于冲破世俗的封锁。她内心渴望自由,不愿处处被僵硬的道德准则所约束。于是她不顾众人反对的声浪毅然决然与男性站在同样的起点,她挑起了全家人生活的重担,她甚至创办自己的生意并与男人竞争。连婚姻都成了她事业成功的筹码。她的叛逆精神以及独立自主让读者为之倾心。她身边的四个男人对她的影响深远。亲历战争让她成熟．让她自强。而战争的爆发也让她明白了土地的重要性．陶乐的红土给了她生存下去的勇气和信心。历经磨难的斯嘉丽终于蜕变成一位坚强独立的女性。