马克思关于科学技术本质的认识及其当代价值

以历史唯物主义的基本原则——社会历史性原则来考察科学技术的本质,是马克思主义科技哲学的基本内涵。马克思在工业革命背景中认识到科学技术是生产力,是“最高意义上的革命力量”,同时以辩证的视角和历史的维度,揭示了资本主义社会的逐利特质使得科技异化在所难免。当代中国的创新驱动发展战略,正是中国共产党几代领导集体在继承和发展马克思关于科学技术本质的认识基础上形成的现代科技发展观。     

脆性颗粒材料的超弹性软化模型及应变局部化模拟

在Volokh软化模型的基础上,考虑颗粒材料的变形和破坏机制,认为颗粒材料以剪切变形和破坏为主,提出了表示软化程度的软化因子概念,发展了两种能够部分表征颗粒材料力学行为特征的软化模式,并基于ABAQUS用户材料子程序(UMAT)开发相应程序.数值算例考察了上述模型模拟颗粒材料应变局部化现象和软化现象的能力.结果表明了所建议模型的有效性和可行性.     

Silent performances: Are “repertoires” really post-Kuhnian?

Ankeny and Leonelli (2016) propose “repertoires” as a new way to understand the stability of certain research programs as well as scientific change in general. By bringing a more complete range of social, material, and epistemic elements into one framework, they position their work as a correction to the Kuhnian impulse in philosophy of science and other areas of science studies. I argue that this “post-Kuhnian” move is not complete, and that repertoires maintain an internalist perspective. Comparison with an alternative framework, the “sociotechnical imaginaries” of Jasanoff and Kim (2015), illustrates precisely which elements of practice are externalized by Ankeny and Leonelli. Specifically, repertoires discount the role of audience, without whom the repertoires of science are unintelligible, and lack an explicit place for ethical and political imagination, which provide meaning for otherwise mechanical promotion of particular research programs. This comparison reveals, I suggest, two distinct modes of scholarship, one internalist and the other critical. While repertoires can be modified to meet the needs of critical STS scholars and to completely reject Kuhn's internalism, whether or not we do so depends on what we want our scholarship to achieve.     

R-Gorenstein内射模的忠实平坦余基变换

探究了R-Gorenstein内射模的忠实平坦余基变换.设R是交换环,S是忠实平坦R-代数,在一些额外的条件下,证明了R-模N是R-Gorenstein内射模，当且仅当N是强余挠R-模且Hom R(S,N)是R′-Gorenstein内射 S-模.     

血浆sST2联合NT-proBNP对急诊心衰患者生存状况的预测价值

目的探讨血浆sST2联合NT-proBNP对急诊心衰患者生存状况的预测价值.方法选择急诊心衰患者130例,分为心功能Ⅱ级组、心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级组,对照组选择健康的体检者60例.对3组NT-proBNP及血浆sST2水平进行观察对比,对心功能不同分级患者NT-proBNP及血浆sST2水平进行比较,比较NT-proBNP,sST2,NTproBNP联合血浆sST2对心衰患者死亡状况的预测价值.结果随心功能分级递增,NT-proBNP水平逐渐升高,sST2曲线下面积(0.776)及NT-proBNP对死亡判定的ROC曲线与NT-proBNP曲线下面积(0.775)相比较没有明显差异,但二者联合曲线下面积为0.813,与NT-proBNP及sST2曲线下面积相比较差异显著.sST2联合NTproBNP进行心衰患者死亡状况预测时的敏感度为99.0%,特异度为93.2%.结论作为急诊心衰患者诊断、预后和风险评估的主要标志物,sST2联合NT-proBNP对患者生存状况进行评估可以很好地预测患者的生存状况,提高准确度和敏感度,值得在临床上推广应用.     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae,Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae

This paper, which presents an annotated checklist of the ‘lower Nymphalidae’ (Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae), is the fourth in a series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. Four genera of lower Nymphalidae (Danaus, Amauris, Bicyclus, Charaxes), with a total of 11 included species, are known or believed to occur within the main forest zone, from c. 1800 to 2800 m. Of these, only three species of Charaxes (Charaxes berkeleyi, Charaxes ansorgei, Charaxes xiphares) may be restricted locally to this primary forest. The lower slopes fauna, below 1800 m, is considerably richer, with a total of 11 genera and 41 species listed (8 species of which extend into the forest zone). Possible additional species, dubious earlier records, problems with African subspecies of Danaus chrysippus, a need for more work on certain Satyrinae, and classification of the genus Charaxes are discussed. An identification key to the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, and the 19 genera of Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae that occur in Tanzania, together with a key to the adults of all the species of these four subfamilies considered to occur or have occurred on Kilimanjaro, with 206 colour images, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

高温时H13钢中初生碳氮化物的分解研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针研究了H13钢中初生碳氮化物高温分解时的形貌、尺寸、成分变化规律.原始初生碳氮化物主要为10~30μm的长条状(Vx,Mo1-x)(Cy,N1-y)及少量方形的(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y).在1200℃保温2.5 h后碳氮化物边缘变为凹凸不平的锯齿状,然后形成细小的分解颗粒,10 h后碳氮化物平均长度减小为12.9μm,主要为(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y).当经过1250℃ ×5 h保温后87%的碳氮化物发生分解,(Vx,Mo1-x)(Cy,N1-y)溶解消失,碳氮化物长度在20μm以下,当保温时间延长到10 h后碳氮化物长度均在10μm以下,70%为方形并且93%分解形成细小颗粒,未分解的碳氮化物为(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y).电子探针分析(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y)的分解与Fe元素扩散有关,高温时Fe在(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y)中含量逐渐增加而Ti、V减少,优先在边部曲率半径较小部位或缺陷处分解,形成0.1~1μm的细小分解颗粒,并由外向内以区域溶解方式使原始碳氮化物逐渐消失.双亚点阵模型分析两种碳氮化物的平衡溶解温度和组成有关,试样中大部分(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y)平衡溶解温度在1200~1246℃之间,与实验吻合较好.     

高校图书馆文化育人路径探析

阐述了文化育人的内涵，以乐山师范学院图书馆文化育人为例，从高品位的阅览环境、丰富的特色文化以及馆员素质3个方面，论述了高校图书馆文化育人的路径。     

考虑车辆间交互作用的驾驶意图预测方法

准确的意图预测可以帮助智能车辆更好地了解周围环境并做出更加安全的决策，从而提高自动驾驶的安全性，促进人机协同驾驶。为了对驾驶员未来的意图做出更加精准的预测，提出了一种交互式意图预测方法。首先，通过将隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）与高斯混合模型（GMM）相结合，在充分考虑周围场景信息后建立了行为识别模型，用于对当前的驾驶行为做出准确的判断。然后，考虑到交通场景复杂多变的特点，提出基于意图的轨迹预测方法规划出一条最佳的行驶轨迹，并采用最大期望效用理论对未来的驾驶行为进行推理。由于行为识别和意图推理模型综合考虑了交通态势的演变过程和车辆之间的交互作用，所以将两个模型得到的结果相结合可得到车辆最终预测出的驾驶意图。最后，在NGSIM数据集对所提出的方法进行验证，结果表明提出的行为识别模型能够提前0.2~0.3 s识别出车辆的换道意图，结合未来意图推理模型，能够更加准确地预测出车辆未来的驾驶行为，由此可提高车辆驾驶的安全性。     

企业战略变革过程中的冲突影响研究——基于认知的视角

本研究基于认知的视角,从理论上分析了企业战略变革过程中冲突的形成与影响,提出了战略变革知觉、战略变革响应与冲突关系假设模型,并开展了实证分析.研究表明,战略变革知觉与战略变革响应正相关,冲突在两者之间起到中介作用.