从工业文明走向生态文明的契机——气候危机的哲学反思

全球气候博弈的实质是各国在承认地球资源和承载能力有限的前提下力图在未来世界能源、资源分配和温室气体排放空间的分配中获得尽可能大的份额。美国与中国的个案分析表明:气候公地的悲剧源于博弈主体对于自身短期利益的追求及对人类根本利益的忽视。具体说来,发达国家受制于自由民主制度放纵的内部博弈,而发展中国家则更多的受制于国际体系的无政府状态与不平等现状下外部博弈引发的安全需求。气候危机将人类带入困境的同时也加速了人类从工业文明迈向生态文明的进程。公地悲剧的出路在于强化国家在应对气候方面的作用;加强转型时期政策的系统性;以政治上的预防原则对应吉登斯悖论;国际社会对于责任认定的公平化。     

联合变化检测与子带对消技术的SAR图像干扰抑制方法

子带对消(subband spectral cancellation, SSC)法是一种有效的合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)射频干扰(radio frequency interference, RFI)抑制方法, 但其在消除干扰的同时容易损失图像细节信息, 影响后续图像解译。为此, 在SSC方法的基础上, 联合变化检测技术, 提出一种改进的SAR图像干扰抑制方法。根据改进的对数比变化检测算子, 所提方法实现了干扰二次检测, 消除了干扰图像中的虚警信息, 避免了图像中有用信号的损失。基于欧空局Sentinel-1A卫星干涉宽幅模式受干扰SAR图像, 开展了干扰抑制与效果评估。实验结果表明, 所提方法能够在有效抑制干扰的同时尽可能保留SAR图像细节信息, 证明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于系统动力学的企业转型的技术变迁路径分析仿真模型

技术变迁是企业转型的重要途径之一,本文分析了信息化环境下企业转型中技术变迁过程,采用系统动力学方法,构建了技术变迁路径的因果图和系统流图;通过案例仿真实验,获取了影响技术变迁的关键因素,即RD投入和企业信息系统上线率.动态模拟结果表明,这两个因素能够有效提高企业转型的经济转化能力,但其投入量必须控制在合理范围之内.     

Mortality effects of temperature changes in the United Kingdom

Temperature changes are known to affect the social and environmental determinants of health in various ways. Consequently, excess deaths as a result of extreme weather conditions may increase over the coming decades because of climate change. In this paper, the relationship between trends in mortality and trends in temperature change (as a proxy) is investigated using annual data and for specified (warm and cold) periods during the year in the UK. A thoughtful statistical analysis is implemented and a new stochastic, central mortality rate model is proposed. The new model encompasses the good features of the Lee and Carter (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1992, 87: 659–671) model and its recent extensions, and for the very first time includes an exogenous factor which is a temperature‐related factor. The new model is shown to provide a significantly better‐fitting performance and more interpretable forecasts. An illustrative example of pricing a life insurance product is provided and discussed.     

Global vegetation change analysis based on MODIS data in recent twelve years①

Vegetation cover change is critical for understanding impacts and responses of vegetation to climate change. A study found that vegetation in the regions between 45°N-70°N was increasing using normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) from 1981 to 1991 ten years ago. The global vegetation growth has changed because of climate change in recent twelve years( 2001- 2012). After thorough analysis based on satellite data,it is found that it is evident that the global vegetation changed( NDVI) little,and it is increasing slightly in Northern hemisphere while it is decreasing slightly in Southern Hemisphere. For different latitudes,vegetation is increasing 0.17% every year from 60°N to 70 °N( R~2= 0.47,P 0.013),while the vegetation is decreasing 0.11% every year from 10°N to 10° S( R~2= 0.54,P 0.004). For different continents,the vegetation in South America is decreasing 0.16% every year( R~2= 0.78,P 0.0001) and it is increasing 0.05% every year in Asia( R~2= 0.28,P 0.072) and 0.25% every year in Oceania( R~2= 0.24,P 0.1). The analysis of global vegetation in different seasons indicates that spatial distribution of global temperature and water vapor will affect the spatial distribution of vegetation,in turn,the spatial distribution of vegetation will also regulate the global temperature and water vapor spatial distribution at large scale. The growth and distribution of vegetation are mainly caused by the orbit of the celestial bodies,and a big data model based on gravitational-magmatic change with the solar or the galactic system as its center is proposed to be built for analyzing how the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system affects spatial-temporal variations of global vegetation and temperature at large scale. These findings promise a holistic understanding of the global climate change and potential underlying mechanisms.     

大学新生的心理断乳与角色置换

大学新生在从高中生向准大学生过渡过程中,具有特殊时期的群体规定性,思想、学习、生活和心理上常常出现一些问题,应从理论和现实的双重视角,采取一系列措施帮助新生正确面对问题、解决问题,帮助他们顺利完成角色置换,为大学生的健康成长奠定良好的基础,为以后学生工作的顺利开展创造良好的条件.     

中西社会结构各自发展的脉络

中西社会结构的对比,尤以费孝通先生提出的"差序格局"与"团体格局"最为经典。但它们只提供了中西对比的一横切面,极易忽略中西社会结构各自变迁发展的脉络。就西方而言,社会结构经历了从整体主义城邦到村落家族共同体,再到现代法治社会的变迁;就中国而言,则经历了从传统部落礼乐时代到乡土中国的差序格局,再到以平等原则重塑的差序格局的变迁发展过程。     

浙江瓯江口地区平原形成过程

在对瓯江口地区的野外调查的基础上,参阅了有关的考古资料和文献,从沉积学、地貌学、考古学等角度,综合论述了本区包括海湾充填、平原塑造以及岸线变迁的成陆过程。     

山东史前文化发达的地理基础--兼论考古学与历史地理学的结合

山东地区的史前文化十分发达 ,这一发达与全新世中期暖湿的气候直接相关。同时 ,山东地区临海的区位、适中的海拔、多样的地表形态、放射状的水系 ,也为古人类的生存提供了良好的空间。在深入认识人类与其生存环境的关系这一问题上 ,考古学与历史地理学的结合 ,无疑会给彼此带来生机与活力