场控变阻材料在高压陶瓷电容器边缘电场改善中的应用

利用场控变阻材料电阻率随电场变化的特点，改善留边型平板高压陶瓷电容器电极边缘的电场，可以大幅度提高陶瓷电容器的性能，探讨了ＰｂＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系玻璃加入掺杂ＺｎＯ制成的半导体玻璃釉对陶瓷电容器电击穿强度，充放电寿命的影响，通过配方，工艺、电极结构的优化可以使留边型高压陶瓷电容器的击穿强度提高８０％以上，充放电寿命提高了１０倍以上，并与具有类似场控变阻性能的半导体漆作了对比。     

Ba^2＋,Cu^2＋,W^6＋对PFN瓷的固溶和介电性能的影响

通过Ba~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、W~(6+)离子对PFN的A位或B位取代,研究了BCW在PFN—BCW二元系中的作用。Ba~(2+)离子的A位取代能显著降低系统的Tc,且展峰作用明显。少量Cu~(2+)离子的添加能显著降低PFN的烧结温度。Cu_(2+)、W~(6+)离子的复合B位取代能提高Cu~(2+)在PFN中的固溶量,减少焦绿石相的形成,有利于系统的低温烧结和改性。     

Molecular pathogenesis of apolipoprotein E-mediated amyloidosis in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) ɛ4 allele is a genetic risk factor for late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the central nervous system, apoE is secreted mainly by astrocytes as a constituent of high-density lipoproteins. A recent study using apoE knockout mice provided strong evidence that apoE promotes cerebral deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ). However, no clear explanation of the pathogenesis of apoE-induced AD has been provided. Here we discuss two possible mechanisms by which apoE might enhance Aβ deposition. One is the intracellular pathway in which apoE is internalized by neurons and induces lysosomal accumulation of Aβ and amyloidogenic APP (amyloid precursor protein) fragments, leading to neuronal death. The other is the extracellular pathway in which apoE-containing lipoproteins are trapped by Aβ1–42 deposits mobilizing soluble Aβ peptides and consequently enlarge amyloid plaques. These two mechanisms may operate at different stages of AD pathogenesis and suggest a chaperone-like function for the apoE molecule. Received 4 February 1999; received after revision 9 April 1999; accepted 23 April 1999     

Chemotherapy and immunotherapy of malignant glioma: molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives

Despite the considerable progress in modern tumor therapy, the prognosis for patients with glioblastoma, the most frequent malignant brain tumor, has not been substantially improved. Although cytoreductive surgery and radiotherapy are the mainstays of treatment for malignant glioma at present, novel cytotoxic drugs and immunotherapeutic approaches hold great promise as effective weapons against these malignancies. Thus, great efforts are being made to enhance antitumoral efficacy by combining various cytotoxic agents, by novel routes of drug administration, or by combining anticancer drugs and immune modulators. Immunotherapeutic approaches include cytotoxic cytokines, targeted antibodies, and vaccination strategies. However, the success of most of these experimental therapies is prevented by the marked molecular resistance of glioma cells to diverse cytotoxic agents or by glioma-associated immunosuppression. One promising experimental strategy to target glioma is the employment of death ligands such as CD95 (Fas/Apo1) ligand or Apo2 ligand (TRAIL). Specific proapoptotic approaches may overcome many of the obvious obstacles to a satisfactory management of malignant brain tumors. Received 8 March 1999; received after revision 27 May 1999; accepted 14 June 1999     

纳米陶瓷材料制备中的烧结技术

本文主要结合纳米陶瓷的制备工艺,对常见的纳米陶瓷烧结技术的特点和应用进行了综述.     

钢壳陶瓷排气道气缸盖中试关键技术研究与应用

介绍钢壳陶瓷涂层排气道气缸盖部分中试关键技术研究结果：2mm厚薄壁异形钢壳模具CAD／CAM，钢壳和气缸盖的铸造工艺，BF8L513风冷增压柴油机装用该种气缸盖后功率提高9．4％（油量增加9．4％），最大扭矩与原机缸盖相同，缸盖平均温度在标定工况时降低5．6℃，最大扭矩工况时降低1．9℃，该种气缸盖顺利通过1000h全速全负荷可靠性试验，500h变工况热冲击可靠性试验和50000km装车道路试验，已达到整机使用的可靠性要求，研制的工装设备超过年产4000件该种气缸盖的能力。     

颗粒级配对陶瓷涂层耐磨性能的影响

在制备陶瓷涂层时,实验采用陶瓷原料粒度为5～40μm,对陶瓷骨料的粒度和级配进行了研究,实验表明涂层的耐磨性能与颗粒级配有关,在保持涂料配方不变的情况下,粗细颗粒含量的比值存在一个临界点,在此临界点之前,随粗颗粒的增加,涂层的耐磨性提高,当粗细颗粒比值超过临界点时,涂层的耐磨性能随粗颗粒的增加而下降。     

孔隙结构表征陶粒滤料净水效能的方法

在分析陶粒的吸附性能和孔隙结构的基础上,采用浊度和UV254等动态实验方法研究了陶粒滤料的净水效能,建立了陶粒滤料过滤性能的表征方法.结果表明,陶粒的比表面积和碘吸附值、孔体积和单宁酸吸附值、最可几孔径与全部吸附值的相关系数分别是0.99、0.92和1.00.其表征方法所得的陶粒滤料评价结果与陶粒滤料净水效能的实验结果相符,为评价陶粒滤料的净水效能和针对不同水质选择陶粒滤料提供了标准.     

气相色谱仪高精度温控系统的研究

设计并实现了一种应用于气相色谱仪的高精度温控系统,给出了总体设计和主要的硬件连接及软件算法。采用ARM7系列微控制器LPC2212和12位AD转换芯片AD7887以及模糊控制-PID技术,实现对温度的精确控制。     

卫生洁具形成虹吸现象的VOF模型判定方法

利用标准k-ε湍流模型,闭合非定常气、液多相流的N-S方程,采用有限体积法和非结构化网格,数值模拟了虹吸式卫生洁具冲水流道的三维流动,由残余污水的测试实验验证了该数学模型的正确性。对排污管的驼峰顶断面的气、液两相的体积分数积分数进行了定量计算,获得了其虹吸现象形成的数值判据。对卫生洁具流道形成虹吸现象的水力特性实现了预测,为虹吸式卫生洁具的出水流道水力设计优化提供了理论依据。