一种新的进化策略及其全局收敛性

在求解单峰最优化问题算法的基础上,给出了一种新的进化策略.针对连续函数优化问题,利用中心极限定理,在较弱的条件下,首先证明了基于均匀分布的(μ λ)-ES算法依概率收敛,然后给出了采用一般连续性随机变量作为变异算子的(μ λ)-ES算法依概率收敛的证明.数值结果表明:采用基于均匀分布的进化策略求解维数较高的连续函数优化问题能够快速有效地收敛到全局最优解.     

Japanese white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae) as potential pollinators of summer-flowering Taxillus kaempferi (Loranthaceae)

The pollination of summer-flowering plants by birds has rarely been reported in temperate Asia and Europe. However, we recorded the Japanese white-eye Zosterops japonicus (Passeriformes: Zosteropidae) visiting the flowers of the hemiparasitic plant Taxillus kaempferi (Loranthaceae) during mid-summer (July to August) in a temperate forest in central Japan. Field observations showed that Z. japonicus was an almost exclusive flower visitor of T. kaempferi. Specifically, Z. japonicus inserted their bills frequently into the flower tubes of T. kaempferi. The corollas of T. kaempferi were shorter than Z. japonicus bills, suggesting that Z. japonicus is able to obtain floral nectar from T. kaempferi. Close-up pictures of Z. japonicus visiting flowers showed that the upper bill and facial feathers of Z. japonicus came into contact with the reproductive organs of T. kaempferi, leading to the attachment of pollen to these body parts. Thus, Z. japonicus might act as an important pollinator of the summer-flowering plant T. kaempferi.?     

美国重返亚洲战略下的中国对外政策调整

当前,全球经济复苏问题凸显,亚洲作为世界经济新的引擎,出现整体性复兴的迹象。在新的国际局势下,积极寻找经济复苏途径、重塑美国领导形象的奥巴马政府与以和平发展为目标的复兴中的最大发展中国家中国的关系,就不仅仅是中美的双边关系,或是亚太区域的国家关系,而是涉及到全球政治战略、经济秩序、安全生态的大国关系。奥巴马上任不久,就提出美国会提高对亚太区域的关注,随后,美国重返亚洲成为国际社会热议的话题。     

关于推进我国利率市场化的探讨

随着我国改革开放的进一步深入,尤其是金融市场的对外开放,实现利率市场化成为我国推进社会主义市场经济和参与国际金融市场的必要条件。1996年放开银行间同业拆借利率以来,我国开始有步骤地实施利率市场化,取得了明显的成绩。但就目前来看,利率市场化改革远未完成,还存在一些制约因素。要达到利率市场化目标,应进一步完善和发展金融市场,为利率市场化提供运行机制;加强金融监管,确保市场的公平透明;提高央行货币政策的独立性,减少政府干预;造就一个较能有效进行自我管理的银行体系,培育健康的市场主体。     

中心弱Armendariz环

定义了中心弱Armendariz环,并通过例子说明它是中心Armendariz环和弱Armendariz环的真推广.给出了中心弱Armendariz环的等价刻画,并讨论了它与Abelian环以及p.p.-环的关系.     

A revision of the Asian and European species in the subgenus Amiota Loew (Diptera,Drosophilidae) and the establishment of species-groups based on phylogenetic analysis

A total of 53 Amiota (s. str.) species (75% of the world total) from Asia and Europe, including 10 new species, kamui, kimurai and planata from Japan, and aristata, cuii, macai, magniflava, nuerhachii, spinata and watabei from China, are reviewed with designation of two new synonymies and phylogenetic analysis. Based upon the result of cladistic analysis with 31 adult male morphological characters, the following conclusions are deduced: (1) The subgenus Amiota is monophyletic, so far as the Asian and European forms are concerned. (2) Seven monophyletic groups are recognized within this subgenus. Two of them correspond to known species-groups, the apodemata and sinuata groups, and the remaining five are established as new species-groups, the nagatai, basdeni, taurusata, alboguttata and rufescens groups. A key to all the studied species from Asia and Europe is provided.     

中心二次曲线的一个轨迹特征

证明了平面曲线c是中心二次曲线的充要条件为:c是到两定点连线的斜率之积为一非零常数的点的轨迹,并就此常数的变化与轨迹类型和图形形状的关系进行了讨论.     

水泵变频节能技术在供热运行中的应用

随着变频技术的不断发展和日趋成熟,其在供热领域的应用也逐渐推广,该技术的应用能够有效地降低电能消耗,对供热企业实际生产运行有着重要的意义。文章介绍了水泵变频节能技术的工作原理、系统特点、实际应用现状及使用效果,同时也提出了实际应用中注意的问题。     

滇中地区地带性植被优势种及云南松元素背景值的研究

本文研究滇中地区地带性植被(半湿润常绿阔叶林)优势种和云南松的元素背景值测定了植物叶、地被枯落叶和土壤内13种元素含量。并进行相关分析,结果表明:1常量元素含量的变化范围较小。具有相对稳定性。可反映地区植物元素背景值和地球化学特征:微量元素含量的变化较大。受成土母质和周围环境的影响较大。2叶内元素含量与土壤中元素含量有一定相关性。3在植物叶内,某些元素之间呈现一定的相关性。4常绿阔叶林优势种与云南松叶内元素含量的异质性显著。5营养元素与重金属元素在植物一枯落叶—土壤系统的物质循环过程中有不同的特点。