Synthesis of novel superhard materials under ultrahigh pressure

Superhard materials are solids whose Vickers hardness is beyond 40 GPa. They have wide applications in industry such as cutting and polishing tools, wear-resistant coatings. Most preparations of superhard materials are conducted under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, not only for scientific investigations, but also for the practical applications. In this paper, we would introduce the recent progress on the design and preparations of novel superhard materials, mainly on nanopolycrystalline diamond, B–C–N superhard solid solutions, and cubic-Si3N4/diamond nanocomposites prepared under ultrahigh pressure and high temperature（HPHT）, using multi-anvil apparatus based on the hinged-type cubic press. Bulk materials of all these superhard phases have been successfully synthesized and are systematically tested. We emphasize that ultra-HPHT method plays an important role in the scientific research and industrial production of superhard materials. It provides the driving forces for the light elements forming novel superhard phases as well as the way for sintering high-density nanosuperhard materials.     

冷轧钢基复合材料轧制力能参数研究

在实验的基础上,提出冷轧钢基复合材料的轧制力计算模型,并由此推导冷轧钢基复合材料的轧制力计算公式.采用该公式计算出的轧制力与实验值基本符合.     

烧结温度对高速压制制备弥散强化铜材料导电率的影响

弥散强化铜材料具有高强度和高导电性的特性,孔洞是影响导电率的重要因素.本文采用高速压制成形技术,对Al2 O3质量分数为0.9%的弥散强化铜粉压制成形,研究了压制速度对生坯的影响.当压制速度为9.4 m·s-1时得到密度为8.46 g·cm-3的生坯.研究了烧结温度对烧结所得Al2 O3弥散强化铜试样导电率的影响.当生坯密度相同时,烧结温度越高,所得试样的导电率也越高.断口与金相分析表明：烧结温度为950℃时,烧结不充分,颗粒边界以及孔洞多而明显,孔洞形状不规则;烧结温度为1080℃时,颗粒边界消失,孔洞圆化,韧窝出现,烧结坯的电导率为71.3%IACS.     

电磁搅拌条件下合成净化铝基复合材料的机制

在电磁搅拌条件下,研究Al—Zr（CO3）2-KBF4组元通过熔体反应法原位合成的Al2O3、Al3Zr、ZrB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料,用扫描电镜观察增强相的形貌、大小和分布．原位合成反应热力学和动力学分析表明：在试验温度条件下原位反应可以自发进行,主要是固液相间的反应,颗粒在形核生长阶段,交变电磁场产生的洛仑兹力使得熔体处于强烈的混合对流运动状态,传热和传质速度增加,增加了铝液和固态ZrO2颗粒的接触机会,增强颗粒Al2O3、Al3Zr生成量增加,最后阶段电磁力促进颗粒在基体中弥散分布．凝固组织显示复合材料中增强相颗粒的体积分数和弥散度增加,颗粒粒度2～3μm,同时缩孔类缺陷明显减少,铝基体得到了净化。     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料细观损伤的温度效应

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的宏观力学行为与其微观损伤机理密切相关,随温度的升高,材料力学性能明显下降,SiCp/A356复合材料表现出不同的细观损伤机理.文中对真空双搅拌方法制备的质量分数为20%的SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料在室温和高温下的细观损伤机制进行了研究,在试样断口上,通过扫描电镜观察到了不同的裂纹萌生和扩展机制,根据不同温度下表现出的不同失效方法,归纳出了复合材料细观损伤的温度效应曲线.研究表明,在室温下复合材料的裂纹萌生以基体撕裂和颗粒断裂为主,高温下其裂纹萌生机制以颗粒脱离和基体撕裂为主.     

Dielectric AlN/epoxy and SiC/epoxy composites with enhanced thermal and dynamic mechanical properties at low temperatures

In a superconducting magnet, the thermal properties of the insulating material at low temperatures is an important technical index to ensure the normal operation of a superconducting coil. Herein, a low-temperature thermal conductivity testing device with a tiny uncertainty was developed to measure the composites. Furthermore, SiC/epoxy and AlN/epoxy composites were prepared and their properties were tested at low temperatures. The results showed that the composites have a better thermal conductivity at low temperatures than pure epoxy. In addition, the AlN/epoxy and SiC/epoxy composites have excellent dynamic mechanical properties and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Due to the fair thermal and dynamic mechanical properties, the composites will have potential application in the superconducting magnet.     

Microstructure evolution and reaction behavior of Cu–Ni alloy and B_4C powder system

Microstructure evolution and reaction behavior of Cu–Ni alloy and B_4C power system was studied by in-situ and static experimental investigations along with theoretical calculations. The reaction process was as follows. Firstly,B_4C decomposed into B and C atoms, and then B atoms diffused into Cu–Ni matrix, leading to the formation of Ni_2B particles. Subsequently, Ni atoms diffused into B_4C, forming a loose mixture of Ni_2B and amorphous C at the initial powder boundary. Finally, with the completion of reaction, Ni_2B particles at the powder boundary grew into a monolithic block, and then C substance was excluded out and accumulated at the edge of this monolithic Ni_2B block. It is believed that the formation of Ni_2B phase is caused by the most negative change of Gibbs free energy among all the potential reactions between Ni–B and Ni–B_4C systems.     

复合纳米颗粒膜的有效极化率研究

应用复合二元颗粒材料的空间平均电场 、平均电位移 之间的关系及复合介质的非线性光学性质,表示出复合介质的有效介质函数 。假设在线性极限下第i组份的 为常数时,应用微扰理论,导出了复合介质的非线性有效极化率 ,该结果与MG近似理论和EMA近似理论比较应用范围更广。用该理论对Cu纳米颗粒嵌入（SiO2）基质中组成Cu-SiO2薄膜进行相应分析,其结果与Hamanaka的实验结果相吻合。     

热处理对纳米TiO_2/SiO_2复合粒子微结构的影响

为了掌握热处理对纳米复合材料微结构的影响情况,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了高比表面积及大孔容的纳米TiO2/SiO2复合粒子.利用热分析、XRD、FTIR和比表面积测试仪等仪器对不同热处理条件的纳米复合粒子进行了表征.结果发现,纳米复合粒子中TiO2的锐钛矿型和金红石型晶型转变温度分别由一般的350℃和600℃升高到660℃和770℃,晶粒度随热处理温度的升高和时间的延长而增大;同时,随着热处理温度的升高,复合粒子的比表面积逐渐减小,且微孔减少比例由小孔径微孔占多数逐渐转变为较大孔径微孔占多数.