抗、感病杨树与溃疡病菌互作中活性氧及相关酶的动态

测定了接种溃疡病菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)后两种抗性水平不同的杨树(Populus spp.)树皮中超氧阴离子(O2.-)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)及膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的动态变化,分析了杨树与溃疡病菌互作中活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)的产生、抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化水平的变化规律及与杨树抗病性的关系。结果表明,随接种时间的延长,两种杨树O2.-产生速率和H2O2含量均有上升趋势,抗病杨树毛白杨(P. tomentosa Carr.)出现了较明显的"氧化爆发",感病杨树北京杨(P. beijingensis Hsu)则不明显;POD活性持续上升,毛白杨的上升幅度大于北京杨的;SOD、CAT活性先上升后下降,北京杨两种酶活性在后期受到的抑制更明显;APX活性则在两种杨树中变化较大,毛白杨的变幅明显比北京杨的大;MDA含量增加,表明"氧化爆发"启动了膜脂过氧化,北京杨在接种后期MDA含量大幅上升,并且MDA含量与O2.-产生速率呈显著正相关。     

兔毛纺织品防脱毛技术的研究

对兔毛纤维采用生物酶处理，使其形态结构发生改变，从而提高了兔毛纤维的表面摩擦系数，增加了纤维之间的抱舍力，提高了纤维的可纺性，改善了兔毛纺织品的脱毛现象．     

Elucidation of the relationship between enzyme activity and internal motion using a lysozyme stabilized by cavity-filling mutations

We investigated the activity and the internal motions of a stabilized mutant hen lysozyme (HEL) in which the residues M12 and L56 were mutated to L and F, respectively (LF mutant HEL). The result of the activity measurements against glycol chitin at various temperatures suggested that the temperature dependence of the activity of LF mutant HEL shifted to the high-temperature side compared with that of wild-type HEL. The detailed internal motions of LF mutant HEL in the absence and presence of a substrate analogue, (NAG)₃, were examined by model-free analysis at 35°C. The results showed that the internal motions of LF mutant HEL in the presence of (NAG)₃ were drastically restricted compared with those in wild-type HEL. Our findings thus suggested that the mutation to the stabilized lysozyme restricted internal motions required for the enzymatic reaction.Received 8 February 2005; accepted 10 March 2005Y. Yoshida and T. Ohkuri contributed equally to this work.     

A practicable variant of the ion exchange method for the radiometric estimation of ornithine decarboxylase activity

Summary A known ornithine decarboxylase assay working with ion exchang separation of [³H]ornithine and [³H]putrescine has been revised. The assay can be performed in disposable 1.5 ml vessels with a total of four pipetting steps. The separation of enzyme substrate and product, respectively, requires 3 h per 50 samples. The detection limit is about 50 pmoles [³H]putrescine formed.     

A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet

Summary A strong fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated in the vegetable cheese Natto, which is a typical soybean food eaten in Japan. The average activity was calculated at about 40 CU (plasmin units)/g wet weight. This novel fibrinolytic enzyme, named nattokinase, was easily extracted with saline. The mol. wt and pI were about 20,000 and 8.6, respectively. Nattokinase not only digested fibrin but also the plasmin substrate H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (S-2251), which was more sensitive to the enzyme than other substrates tried. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate and 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl-o,o-dimethylphosphate strongly inhibited this fibrinolytic enzyme.     

Gametes contain angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II)

Summary The localization of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the gonads of the normal rabbit was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. The enzyme is present in the cytoplasm of testicular spermatids and of epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa, and on the surface of follicular and tubal cocytes. These findings support the hypothesis that ACE has a role in gamete maturation and in fertilization.Acknowledgments. This study was supported by NIH grant AM36807 and by grants from the American Heart Association, the Joe and Emily Lowe Foundation, and the Dana Foundation. We thank L. Fernandez, B. Luders, I. Pawlowski, and K. Schwegler for technical assistance.     

Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn原生质体的制备和再生

应用市售商品酶,从立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)菌丝体中,成功地分离出高产的原生质体。日本产Cellulase “onozuka”R—101%与上海产蜗牛酶1～1.5%或者与上海产溶菌酶1～1.5%组合,在35℃,0.6M MgSO_4·7H_2O条件下,菌丝酶解效果很好。菌龄,酶及酶解条件以及培养基的成分等因素与原生质体的形成及再生密切相关。对原生质体的形成过程及再生过程的形态学变化进行了观察。二种原生质体再生转化形式,在再生培养基中能够观察得到。     

Recent observations on the structure and the properties of yeast NMN adenylyltransferase

Summary A homogeneous preparation of yeast NMN adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1) showed microheterogeneity, which was revealed by FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography) ion exchange chromatography. The resolved components have been characterized with respect to electrophoretic behavior and adenine content. The results led to a hypothesis about a possible role of poly(ADP-ribosylation) in modulating the enzyme activity.     

米曲霉自溶作用的研究Ⅱ自溶过程中细胞物质及酶活的变化

在米曲霉最佳的自溶条件下，对其自溶过程中重要的细胞物质及酶进行了测定，结果自溶液中测出１７种氨基酸酸，总氨基酸释放率为６８．７９％，核酸释放率为５０．００％，糖的释放率为２４．５８％，酸性蛋白酶活性高，而５’－磷酸二酯酶活性较低。