Affinity capillary electrophoresis in biomolecular recognition

Affinity capillary electrophoresis is a new method for studies of biomolecular recognition. Applications reported in the literature include chiral separation of racemic biomolecules, measurement of binding constants, estimation of kinetic on- and off-rate constants, determination of binding stoichiometries (a useful tool in examining electrostatic interactions), estimation of effective charges and molecular weights of proteins, characterization of enzymatic activities and library screening for tight-binding drug candidates in solution. This technique demands only small amounts of sample (nanolitre injection volumes, picograms of proteins), involves no radiolabelled materials or chemically immobilized ligands, and does not require changes in spectroscopic characteristics upon binding. This paper reviews the most recent applications of affinity capillary electrophoresis and its use in the analysis of biomolecules. Received 9 January 1998; received after revision 27 February 1998; accepted 3 March 1998     

Presenilins条件性双基因敲除小鼠海马与皮层超微结构的增龄性变化

为研究Presenilins条件性双基因敲除对于小鼠海马与皮层超微结构的影响,选用3、6及12月龄Presenilins 1/Presenilins 2双敲除小鼠(dKO)和同窝对照小鼠(CON),运用透射电子显微镜技术,分别观察海马与皮层突触、细胞核、线粒体、溶酶体超微结构的改变.结果发现:3月龄dKO小鼠海马与皮层溶酶体已向次级溶酶体转化.6月龄dKO小鼠海马与皮层的突触后致密物厚度显著降低;皮层细胞核膜内陷,核不规则;海马与皮层线粒体出现肿胀、嵴变形或消失;出现高电子密度的次级溶酶体,并伴有脂褐素小体出现.12月龄dKO小鼠海马与皮层突触后致密物厚度显著减小,突触间隙宽度显著增加;海马与皮层核膜内陷,染色质固缩沿核膜分布;线粒体严重受损,嵴大部分溶解;出现较多次级溶酶体和脂褐素小体.Presenilins条件性双基因敲除对小鼠海马与皮层有增龄性的病理影响,这些病理改变将为相关的药物评价和对阿尔茨海默病的深入研究提供形态学依据.     

Making more synapses: a way to store information?

Although information may be stored in the brain as changes in the strength of existing synapses, formation of new synapses has long been thought of as an additional substrate for memory storage. The identification of subcellular structural changes following learning in mammals poses a serious ‘needle-in-the-haystack’ problem. In most attempts to demonstrate structural plasticity during learning, animals have been exposed for prolonged periods to complex environments, where they are confronted with a variety of sensory, motor and spatial challenges throughout the exposure period. These environments are thought to promote several forms of learning. Repeated exposure to such environments has been shown to increase the density of spines and dendritic complexity in relevant brain structures. The number of neurons has also been reported to increase in some areas. It is not clear, however, whether the new synapses emerging from these forms of plasticity mediate specific information storage, or whether they reflect a more general sophistication of the excited parts of the network.     

丙二醛对体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞生长与增殖的双重影响

探讨了丙二醛(MDA)对体外培养人骨髓间充质干细胞(hMSCs)的生长与增殖状态的影响及其作用机制．在不同浓度MDA条件下培养hMSCs，以细胞计数测定细胞生长曲线，MTF法检测细胞活力，流式细胞技术用于细胞周期和细胞凋亡分析．结果表明，高浓度MDA培养体系hMSCs细胞数减少，群体倍增时间延长，细胞活力明显降低，细胞的凋亡率增加，然而G2／M期和S期的细胞百分率明显增加．研究证明：体外培养的hMSCs在高浓度MDA条件下既造成了细胞的损伤与衰老死亡，又启动了引发干细胞分裂繁殖的分子生物学机制，隐含着具有重要科学价值的信息．     

Visual characterization of targeted effect of holo-transferrin-tagged dihydroartemisinin on human breast cancer cells

Targeted drugs could significantly reduce cytotoxic effect and increase therapeutic activity. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been shown to be effective in killing cancer cells. However, it exhibits non-targeted property. Holo-transferrin (TF) is a suitable drug-carrier to target cancer cells, because cancer cells need iron uptake by the TF-mediated mechanism to maintain their uncon- trolled growth. Furthermore, TF receptors (TF-R) are highly expressed on cancer cell surfaces. In this paper, 3-(4,5-dimethylthi- azol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the different killing effect of 4-(12-Dihydroart- emisininoxy) Benzoic Acid Hydrozide-transferrin (DBAH-TF) on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) cells and human normal breast (HNB) cells, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to visually observe the targeted effect of DBAH-TF on MCF-7 cells. MTT results show that DBAH-TF is 172 times more potent than DHA in killing MCF-7 cells, while the cytotoxic effect of DBAH-TF on HNB cells is merely 1/33 to DHA. Also, the killing effect of DBAH-TF on MCF-7 cells is 286 times that on HNB cells, showing targeted effect. Moreover, there are distinct differences in ultrastructures of cellular surfaces after DBAH-TF and DHA treatment. Through AFM imaging, many characteristic holes were observed on the cancer cell surface after being effected by DBAH-TF, which differ from the holes with irregular shapes affected by DHA. These results visually show that the DBAH-TF targeted drug has more potent killing effect on MCF-7 cells compared with DHA.     

睾酮衍生物ATES对6.5 Gy 60Co γ射线辐射C57小鼠外周血血象影响

研究旨在利用C57小鼠60Coγ射线辐照模型,观察睾酮衍生物ATES对小鼠照射后外周血血象的影响。48只C57小鼠经6.5 Gy60Coγ射线全身1次照射后建立骨髓型急性放射病动物模型。模型动物被随机分为照射对照组、单次给药组、照后连续n次给药组(n=2、3、4、5),每组8只。单次给药组于照射后2 h皮下注射ATES 10 mg/kg;连续给药组分别于照射后2 h和照后n d内每天一次皮下注射ATES 10 mg/kg;照射对照组于皮下注射同样体积的空白辅剂。观察照射前后小鼠外周血象变化与药物对体重的影响。与照射对照组相比较,ATES治疗能明显促进外周血白细胞数、中性粒细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白水平、血小板数以及单核细胞数的恢复。结论:ATES可以明显促进急性放射病小鼠的造血功能恢复,为研究临床治疗急性放射病提供实验依据。     

家蚕后部丝腺细胞粗面内质网膜系统的多态性研究

应用电镜技术,对家蚕后部丝腺细胞粗面内质网膜系统在5龄生长期的超微形态变化,进行了连续观察与研究.结果发现,粗面内质网膜系统的超微形态呈现出扁平囊状、管泡状和同心圆状等规律性变化,这种多态性现象与丝腺细胞的生长发育状态及生理机能的变化密切相关,并受蚕体内分泌环境的调节.     

慢性ITP患者外周血调节性T细胞及相关细胞因子的研究

为研究慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜（CITP）患者外周血CIM＋CD25＋调节性T细胞（Treg）数量及转化生长因子β1（TGF—β1）的表达水平,探讨它们在CITP发病机制中的作用。流式细胞仪分别检测26例CITP患者及20例健康人外周血Treg细胞的数量,ELISA法检测血清中TGF—β1的含量,并进行相关性分析。CITP患者外周血Treg细胞的数量明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;CITP患者血清TGF—β1的含量也低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,差异有统计学意义,CITP患者外周血Treg细胞的比例与血清中TGF—β1的含量都呈正相关（P〈0．05）。CITP患者外周血中Treg细胞数量的减少及TGF－β1含量的降低可能与CITP的细胞免疫失调有关。     

诱导性多潜能干细胞(iPS)研究：现状与展望

通过特定的基因组合与转染可以将已分化的体细胞诱导重编程为多潜能干细胞（iPS）,是近年来干细胞研究领域最令人瞩目的一项新的干细胞制造技术。与胚胎干细胞（ES）不同,iPS细胞的制造不需要毁损胚胎,因而不会涉及更多的伦理学问题。iPS的出现不仅为体细胞重编程去分化机制的研究注入了新的活力,而且为疾病发生发展相关机制研究与特异的细胞治疗,特别是再生医学带来新的曙光。目前,iPS的研究尚处于初级阶段,文章就iPS的研究现状与应用前景进行综述和展望。     

α-四（4-羧基苯氧基）酞菁锌的合成与抗肿瘤活性研究

通过2步合成了水溶性的α-四（4-羧基苯氧基）酞菁锌（Ⅱ）,采用UV-Vis、IR、元素分析、激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（TOF-MS）对配合物进行了表征.在光诱导条件下,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法（MTT法）,研究了此酞菁锌配合物对Bel-7402细胞抑制作用,考察了不同浓度的配合物对抑瘤效果的影响,当浓度为100 mg.L-1时对肿瘤的抑制率可达71%左右,并确定其细胞生长抑制50%时的药物浓度（即IC50值）为21 mg.L-1.结果发现：此酞菁锌是1种很有潜力的抗癌光敏剂,在光诱导条件下,适宜的浓度具有较高的抑制率,并探讨了其抑瘤机制.