含内聚空洞的固体发动机药柱结构完整性分析

为评估固体发动机药柱含内聚空洞时的结构完整性，通过在药柱后部不同应变梯度的部位设置不同直径的内聚空洞，基于三维黏弹性有限元分析方法，计算了在燃气内压和轴向过载作用下发动机的应变场。由不同直径内聚空洞的最大Von Mises应变值随着直径变化的规律及最大Von Mises应变准则判断出内聚空洞位于药柱不同位置时允许的最大直径。     

UV-B辐射增强对藻类影响的研究进展

研究了UV-B辐射对藻类的伤害效应，主要表现为影响藻类的存活率和生长，改变藻类的细胞形态，抑制藻类的光合作用，刺激呼吸作用，改变藻类细胞内的蛋白质、核酸、糖类含量，破坏藻类的种群、群落和生态系统。同时探讨了UV-B辐射对藻类的伤害机制。     

三峡库区生态敏感区土地利用变化及其生态效应研究——以奉节、巫山县为例

土地利用变化及其生态效应的研究对区域社会经济发展和生态环境建设具有重要的指导意义.以三峡库区腹地奉节县和巫山县作为研究区,选取1986—2015年4期遥感、土地利用等数据,在GIS和RS技术的支持下,运用土地利用综合程度指数及土地利用转移信息图谱分析研究区土地利用空间格局演变,从湿度、绿度、干度和热度4方面构建遥感生态指数,反映研究区生态效应时空演变,探讨土地利用变化及其与生态效应的关系.结果表明:1)就土地利用而言,在空间上,耕地和建设用地多分布于低海拔平坝河谷区,林、灌、草地多分布于高海拔中低山区,交通建设用地多分布于各类用地之间起连通的作用;在土地利用强度和转换方式上,以林、灌、草地和耕地变化最为显著.2)就RSEI而言,长江及其支流沿岸低地,受土地开发及城镇扩张的影响,生境退化严重;研究区其余范围,受退耕影响,生境趋好.研究区土地利用变化最大的地区也是生态效应变化最为剧烈的地区,若人类活动合理,生态状况好转.     

基于位置和散度效应因子分类筛选及仿真试验

针对供应链及其它计算机仿真试验中所涉及因子数目众多的情形,序贯分支方法因筛选效率较高被广泛采用.然而,现有的序贯分支方法忽视对散度效应起显著作用的因子.由于相比位置效应,散度效应在产品或供应链系统的质量设计中是同等甚至更为重要的,故提出一种基于位置效应与散度效应的序贯分支方法.首先,将影响位置效应与散度效应的显著因子分类为调节因子,重要因子和稳健因子;然后,结合序贯概率比检验(sequential probability ratio test,SPRT),在控制筛选过程中第一类错误和第二类错误的基础上,采用序贯分支方法分类地筛选出显著因子;最后通过仿真试验说明此方法能够有效且分类地处理位置效应与散度效应下的显著因子筛选问题.     

农村工业结构时空演进及其环境污染效应评价——基于行业污染程度视角

从行业污染程度的视角对农村工业进行分类,分析农村工业结构变动的时空分异特征,探讨农村工业结构变动对环境影响的机理,构建环境影响指数,定量评价农村工业结构演进的环境污染效应.主要结论如下:①1988-2010年间农村工业轻度污染行业所占比重呈现增加的趋势,而污染行业呈现下降的趋势.研究期内环境影响指数呈现"增长-下降-增长"的变化趋势,2002年以后又逐步呈现增加的趋势.②农村工业结构区域分异特征明显,在省级层面,江苏、山东、浙江、山西、河北、河南、广东、辽宁、上海等省市重污染行业和中度污染占全国重污染行业的比重较多,环境影响指数也都较大.在区域层面上,污染行业也主要集中在东部发达地区,东部地区环境影响指数远远大于中部和西部地区.在环境管理实践中不同的地区应实行差别化的管理政策.     

Multicategory Purchase Incidence Models for Partitions of Product Categories

We analyze multicategory purchases of households by means of heterogeneous multivariate probit models that relate to partitions formed from a total of 25 product categories. We investigate both prior and post hoc partitions. We search model structures by a stochastic algorithm and estimate models by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The best model in terms of cross‐validated log‐likelihood refers to a post hoc partition with two groups; the second‐best model considers all categories as one group. Among prior partitions with at least two category groups a five‐group model performs best. Effects on average basket value differ for the model with five prior category groups from those for the best‐performing model in 40% and 24% of the investigated categories for features and displays, respectively. In addition, the model with five prior category groups also underestimates total sales revenue across all categories by about 28%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi-threshold second-order phase transition in laser

We present a theory of the multi-threshold second-order phase transition,and experimentally demonstrate the multi-threshold secondorder phase transition phenomenon.With carefully selected parameters,in an external cavity diode laser system,we observe secondorder phase transition with multiple(three or four) thresholds in the measured power-current-temperature three dimensional phase diagram.Such controlled death and revival of second-order phase transition sheds new insight into the nature of ubiquitous secondorder phase transition.Our theory and experiment show that the single threshold second-order phase transition is only a special case of the more general multi-threshold second-order phase transition,which is an even richer phenomenon.     

Between meaning culture and presence effects: contemporary biomedical objects as a challenge to museums

The acquisition and display of material artefacts is the raison d’être of museums. But what constitutes a museum artefact? Contemporary medicine (biomedicine) is increasingly producing artefacts that do not fit the traditional museological understanding of what constitutes a material, tangible artefact. Museums today are therefore caught in a paradox. On the one hand, medical science and technologies are having an increasing pervasive impact on the way contemporary life is lived and understood and is therefore a central part of the contemporary world. On the other hand, the objects involved in medical diagnostics and therapies are becoming increasingly invisible and intangible and therefore seem to have no role to play as artefacts in a museum context. Consequently, museums are at risk of becoming alienated from an increasingly important part of contemporary society. This essay elaborates the paradox by employing Gumbrecht’s (2004) distinction between ‘presence’ and ‘meaning’.     

浅谈煤矸石在混凝土砌块中的应用

介绍了开滦煤矿马家沟矿新型建材分公司使用台式振动小型砌块成型机全自动生产线中的煤矸石的主要指标及特性,及利用煤矸石生产砌块的可行性,并分析了其产品性能。