基于碳酸盐岩缝洞系统的孔网模型构建与流动模拟研究

针对缝洞发育丰富的碳酸盐岩介质,基于孔隙网络构建理论,构建了两种不同的孔隙网络模型,并基于能量守恒与达西公式分别对两种模型进行流动模拟,通过与基于数字岩心流动模拟的结果对比,表明目前两种主要孔网建模的方法均不能准确描述缝洞特征显著的碳酸盐岩介质,但由于基于中轴线法构建的孔网中会产生数量众多的孔隙与吼道,因此该方法可以被用来表征缝洞介质,但需要从缝洞系统特征入手对其加以改进,以期在未来可以准确的描述缝洞型介质。     

东洞庭湖表层沉积物重金属赋存形态及风险评价

为深入了解东洞庭湖重金属污染现状,以东洞庭湖表层沉积物为研究对象,采用BCR连续提取法和ICP-MS测定法分析沉积物重金属含量、赋存形态特征,运用潜在生态风险指数和次生相与原生相比值进行评价。结果表明:1)Cd、Pb、Cr含量超过湖南潮土其背景值。Cr变异系数50%,空间分布差异大。2)Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr以残渣态为主,Cd以弱酸可提取态为主,有效态占比较高,毒性较大,其他元素稳定性较强,毒性较低,对湖区环境影响较小。3)潜在生态风险指数排序为CdPbZnCrCu,Cd表现为严重污染,生态风险较高。研究区内RI均值为590,属于强生态风险,Cd为主要贡献因子。RSP值大小顺序为:CdPbZnCuCr,Cd RSP值最高,表现为重度污染,Cu和Zn表现为轻度污染,Zn和Cr表现为无污染。     

洞穴环境与洞穴旅游

喀斯特洞穴是喀斯特地貌的重要组成部分,在地质营力溶蚀,侵蚀和崩塌作用下形成。由于地质构造,岩性及气候的复杂性,地表、地下洞穴形态复杂,类型多样,构成高品位的旅游资源,具有重要开发价值。从洞穴的地质地貌,大气圈、生物圈、水文方面讨论,评价洞穴资源的价值。     

水合物沉积物试验岩样制备及力学性质研究

水合物沉积物现场取心及原位力学试验技术难度大、成本高,室内制备岩样是目前对其力学性质研究的主要手段。采用三轴压力室内直接合成和混合制样两种方法,分别以覆膜砂和膨润土为基质试验制备水合物沉积物岩样,并进行三轴压缩力学试验。结果表明:尽管沉积物中水合物对基质骨架颗粒存在一定胶结作用,但水合物沉积物的力学性质仍主要由基质的性质决定,覆膜砂基质水合物沉积物的力学性质明显好于膨润土沉积物;水合物沉积物的强度及弹性模量随着围压的增加而增加,但泊松比与围压无明显相关性。     

基于束波变换的叠后缝洞精细成像处理技术

碳酸盐岩储层中溶蚀孔洞和断裂的精确成像是地震油气勘探和开发的关键。以塔里木盆地塔河油田某区块奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层为例,在精细的叠前预处理和逆时偏移的基础之上,利用束波变换技术,对研究区的地震数据进行了不同尺度的分解和重构,并对处理结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:束波变换技术可以有效改善溶蚀孔洞和断裂的成像效果,小尺度的束波变换适用于溶蚀孔洞信息的提取,而大尺度的束波变换更有利于增强断裂的清晰度,实际应用中应根据地质体的大小来选择合理的尺度参数。     

甘肃中东部黄土裸窑位移模拟分析

针对甘肃中东部地区的黄土窑洞工程,按土的弹塑性理论进行模拟计算,通过选取土性参数范围和实际窑洞尺寸等,使用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件,建立三维窑洞模型,讨论黄土土性参数γ、c、φ值以及窑洞的宽度B和立壁高度H1对洞周土体位移的影响.结果表明,洞周土体最大和最小位移分别出现在窑脸所在平面底边中点和拱顶处;土性参数中重度γ对洞周土体位移的影响最大,其次为土体黏聚力c和土体内摩擦角φ;窑洞几何参数中宽度B对洞周土体位移的影响最为敏感.     

湖相沉积物中有机类脂化合物与古环境重建

湖相沉积物是古环境记录的重要载体之一,为了更清晰的恢复古环境,必须提取湖相沉积物中高分辨率代用指标．有机类脂化合物即为一类分子级的指标,在分析湖相沉积物中有机类脂化合物特性的基础上,结合国内外的研究状况,探讨了几类主要的类脂化合物在古环境重建中的运用,提出目前国内湖相研究中此指标运用中存在的问题和发展前景．     

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in cave drip waters and their responses to environment changes: Four cave systems as an example in Guizhou Province,China

Understanding the responses of fluorescence spectral characteristics of cave drip waters to modern environment and climate changes is key to the reconstructions of environmental and climatic changes using fluorescence spectral characteristics of speleothems. The fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） in four active cave systems were analyzed with a three-dimensional （3D） fluorescence spectral analysis method. We found that the fluorescence types of DOC were mainly of fulvic-like and protein-like fluorescences, both in soil waters and cave drip waters. The intensity of fulvic-like fluorescence was positively correlated with the concentrations of DOC, suggesting that the DOC of cave drip waters was derived from the overlying soil layer of a cave system. Compared with the other cave systems, the variation range of the excitation and emission wavelengths for fulvic-like fluorescence of cave drip waters in Liangfeng cave system that had forest vegetation was smaller and the excitation wavelength was longer, while its fluorescence intensity varied significantly. By contrast, the excitation and emission wavelengths and fluorescence intensity for that in Jiangjun cave system that had a scrub and tussock vegetation showed the most significant variation, while its excitation wavelength was shorter. This implies that the variation of vegetation overlying a cave appears to be a factor affecting the fluorescence spectral characteristics of cave drip waters.     

Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China

The Changbai Mountains （2749 m a.s.l.） in northeastern China are one of the typical mountain regions with glaciation since late Pleistocene as evidenced by well-preserved erosive and accumulative landforms at elevations above 2000 m a.s.l, formed by glaciers around the crater lake, Tianchi Lake. Cirque glaciers developed on both the inner and outer sides of the volcanic cone. Well-preserved cirques, glacial trough valleys, glacial threholds, polished surfaces of the glacial erratics and the moraine ridges indicate that several glaciation processes took place during the last glacial period in this region. Resuits of optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating on the moraine sediments, and the K/Ar, thermal ionization mass spectrometry （TIMS）, electronic spinning resonance （ESR） dating on the volcanic rocks suggest two periods of glacier advances. One is named the Black Wind Mouth glacier advance taking place on the west and north slopes of the volcanic cone at an elevation of 2000-2100 m a.s.l., which is dated to about 20 ka, being the result of the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）. The other is named the Meteorological Station glacier advance at the elevation of 2400-2600 m a.s.l., dated to 11 ka during the late glacial period, and is tentatively correlated to the Younger Dryas stage. The scope of the former glacier advance is larger than that of the latter. Regional comparisons showed that the glacial sequences in the Changbai Mountains are similar to other glaciated areas in eastern Asia during the later part of the last glacial cycle.     

岩溶洞穴土壤颗粒分析及其对水土流失的研究意义

岩溶洞穴中的土壤作为一类洞穴沉积,具有很好的学术研究价值,但目前利用洞穴土壤来研究水土流失的成果还很少.2010年8月、9月在贵州毕节、清镇、花江的三个洞穴和一条地下河中采取了洞穴土样,然后在室内用比重计速测法对洞穴土壤进行了颗粒分析并将其与地表土壤进行对比研究.研究发现,洞穴土壤颗粒中粘粒含量远高于地表土壤,土壤通过...