稀土Ce4+复合钛基固体酸催化合成季戊四醇双缩苯甲醛

以硫酸铈掺杂硫酸钛后经450℃高温焙烧制得一类新型复合固体酸催化剂,考察了该催化剂在合成季戊四醇双缩苯甲醛中的催化活性和选择性,在苯甲醛与季戊四醇摩尔比为2.0:1(3.38ml,2.269g),催化剂用量为0.1135g,回流温度83℃,反应时间2h的优化条件下,反应产率为87.7%。且催化剂容易制备,稳定性好,可连续使用。基于布朗斯特酸碱理论,结合稀土金属和过渡金属丰富的轨道能级结构,对复合催化剂的催化活性的成因进行了分析,并以吡啶作为探针分子,通过红外光谱法检测了催化剂表面的酸性质。     

β—羟乙基—三甲基十二烷基硫酸铵的合成及应用研究

文章报道了一种新型植物生长调节剂：β—羟乙基—三甲基十二烷基硫酸铵的合成方法。以三甲胺水溶液为起始原料在常压下反应、获得了高产率，并对小麦做了大田试验     

有机萃取相中Eu(Ⅲ)的配位层结构

本文利用Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）在有机萃取相中，５Ｄ０→７Ｆ２５Ｄ０→７Ｆ１两个跃迁的荧光峰高及比值作为研究Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）配位层组成和结构的探针。研究了ＴＢＰ，ＤＢＰ，Ｐ２０４与Ｐ５０７等４种有机磷萃取剂和Ｅｕ（ＣｌＯ４）３，Ｅｕ（ＮＯ３）３两种铕盐水溶液的萃取物的荧光光谱。发现萃取剂直接取代内配位层中水的能力不强，在萃取物中很可能形成外配位层，表现为荧光受到内层水分子的强烈猝灭。利用阴离子对Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）亲和力的差别，用ＮＯ３－先行取代或从有机萃取物中取代内层的水分子，可观测到荧光的明显增强，表明内配位层［组成与结构的变化。这一现象有可能用作改进萃取剂设计和萃取工艺时的参考。     

土壤和沉积物中1,2,4-三氯苯的超声波提取

以土壤和沉积物中的1,2,4-三氯苯为研究对象,应用超声波提取并以气相色谱进行定量分析。研究结果表明：在一定的超声波处理条件下,1,2,4-三氯苯较为稳定且降解比率很小;最适宜的超声波提取条件为：超声波功率20W、提取温度35℃、提取时间60min、提取剂为石油醚-丙酮混合溶剂(体积比1：1);三种不同提取方法(索氏、振荡和超声波)相比较以超声波提取法最优;该方法的平均回收率为92．18％、变异系数0．82%、检测限0．000μg／g,可满足土壤中微量有机物定量分析要求。     

A new mechanism of invader success： Exotic plant inhibits natural vegetation restoration by changing soil microbe community

Since the 1950s of the last century, the exotic plant, Eupatorium adenophorum, has spread rapidly across southwest China, damaging native ecosystems and causing great economic losses. We examined the pH, N, P, K, and organic matter concentrations, and the bacterial community character (by Biolog EcoPlateTM) in soils from sites heavily and lightly invaded by this exotic species. Also, soil from the lightly invaded site was treated with a water extract of E.adenophorum roots to examine the effect of the plant on soil properties. We grew three plant species, one native and two exotic, in pot experiment using soil from heavily invaded site to examine the effects of the soil on these plants growth. The soil analysis demonstrated that the pH, organic matter, total N, total P and total K in soils from the heavily invaded site were only slightly different from those of the lightly invaded site, but concentrations of NH4^ , NO3^- and available P and K in the heavily invaded site were greater than those in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of soil bacterial community in the heavily invaded site was different from that in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of bacterial community in soils treated by the water extract of E.adenophorum roots changed and became similar to that in soils from the heavily invaded site. The pot experiment showed that the exotic plants growth in heavily invaded soil were not different from in lightly invaded soil; however, the native plant biomass decreased dramatically when grown in soil from the heavily invaded site as compared to soil from the lightly invaded site; and the same phenomenon was found when any potential allelopathic effects by E. adenophorum were eliminated by added activated carbon to those soils. Difference in soil nutrient availability and allelopathy could not explain this phenomenon of the native plant in the soils from the heavily and lightly invaded sites. Changes observed in the soil bacterial community were obviously related to native plant growth in those tow soils. Those results suggest that changing soil microbial community may be an important part of E. adenophorum invasion process. Since the soil microbial community serves as bridge in connection of exotic and natural plants, the exotic plant could inhibit the natural plant growth and reproduction by changing the soil microbial community in invaded site.     

不同溶剂对七台河煤萃取效果的影响

采用常压沸点下回流萃取方法,选用6种不同的有机溶剂对七台河煤进行了萃取研究,并利用CC／MS联用法对各萃取物的组成进行了分析。但不同的有机溶剂对七台河煤的萃取率相差很大。溶剂的电子受—授能力、溶解度参数、沸点、酸碱性都会对萃取效果产生不同程度的影响。实验证明,在萃取过程中,含有良好的氢键受体、很强的电负性羰基氧的有机溶剂,含n个孤对电子的胺类有机溶剂对七台河煤的萃取率都较大;溶剂萃取过程遵循“相似相溶”规律;呈碱性的有机溶剂对七台河煤的萃取率较大。结果表明,利用有机溶剂萃取法从煤中得到高附加值产品在技术上是可行的。     

微波法提取陈皮中3,5,6,7,8,3'''',4''''-七甲氧基黄酮及其含量测定

采用微波提取技术,提取陈皮中3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-七甲氧基黄酮.含量测定以KromasilC18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)为固定相;乙腈-水-醋酸(500∶500∶1)为流动相;检测波长为347nm;流速1mL/min,柱温25℃.结果表明3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-七甲氧基黄酮在0.025～0.4mg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9998,平均加样回收率98.74%(n=5),RSD为0.93%.产自广州的陈皮中的3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-七甲氧基黄酮含量高于另外两地.用微波提取与传统回流、超声提取相比具有简便、快速、节省溶剂、设备简单的优点.