中草药对异育银鲫消化率影响的研究

以山楂、麦芽等中草药为原料,设计配方 和 ,在基础饲料中分别添加0.5%、1%、2%,并投喂异育银鲫(体重2g左右),2个月后,测定消化率.结果表明,异育银鲫的蛋白质消化率、脂肪消化率极显著地提高(P<0.01),碳水化合物消化率显著地提高(P<0.05),其中,中草药添加剂对蛋白质消化率的影响最为明显,脂肪次之,对碳水化合物消化率的影响较小.     

Chromosomalin situ hybridization ofCyprinus carpio genomic DNA repetitive sequence CR1

Common carpCyprinus carpio genomic DNA repetitive sequence CR1 has been DIG-labeled and hybridizedin situ against chromosomes of red common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. Xingguo red var. ). It is found that the repetitive sequence CR1 is mainly localized at the centromeric regions of chromosomes of the red common carp. The application of the chromosomalin situ hybridization technique on fish and the relationship between CR1 repetitive sequence distribution and its function have been discussed.     

异育彭泽鲫及其双亲消化酶活性的比较研究

对异育彭泽鲫及其双亲肝胰脏和前、中、后肠消化酶活性进行比较研究．结果表明:异育彭泽鲫肝胰脏及前、中、后肠的蛋白酶活性分别为367.69、101.16、297.06、25.97g/g#8226;min,均介于其双亲之间;异育彭泽鲫肝胰脏及前、中、后肠的淀粉酶活性分别为300.60、425.45、272.58、312.28g/g#8226;min,均大于双亲;异育彭泽鲫肝胰脏及前、中、后肠的脂肪酶活性分别为1.76、2.42、1.23、1.04g/g#8226;min,前肠和中肠脂肪酶活性大于双亲,后肠和肝胰脏脂肪酶活性介于双亲之间,且三种消化酶活性都比母本高.差异性分析结果表明,其与母本之间的差异显著低于其与父本的差异.研究结果符合雌核发育子代表型与母本一致的特性,并显示异源精子对雌核发育子代肝胰脏及肠管道消化酶活性有一定影响,为异育彭泽鲫的生长效应提供了一定的证据.     

纳米鱼骨增强鱼肉肌动球蛋白凝胶强度的机制研究

比较研究了添加CaCl₂、纳米鱼骨(NFB)、纳米羟基磷灰石(HAP)和纳米羟基磷灰石＋胶原蛋白(HAP+CLG)对白鲢肌动球蛋白胶凝特性的影响,以探究NFB增强鱼肉蛋白凝胶强度的影响机制。NFB和CaCl₂组钙离子浓度相同,NFB和HAP粒径相同。NFB组肌动球蛋白凝胶的破断力与CaCl₂组无显著性差异(p>0.05),但是显著高于HAP组和HAP+CLG组(p<0.05)。5组肌动球蛋白凝胶的表面疏水性、总巯基含量和微观结构无显著性差异(p>0.05)。在SDS-PAGE图谱中,对照组的肌球蛋白重链二聚体(MHC₂)条带不显著,HAP和HAP+CLG组的MHC₂条带较显著,CaCl₂组和NFB组MHC₂条带的强度显著高于HAP组和HAP+CLG组。结果表明,纳米鱼骨增强肌动球蛋白凝胶强度的主要机制是通过激活内源性TGase,促进肌球蛋白重链共价交联形成二聚体。     

Fish Sauce Fermentation with Silver Carp or Offal of Surimi Processing

IntroductionFishsauceisakindofcondimentsprocessedfromfish.Inthecourseoffermentationprocess,fishproteininrawmaterialsisdegradedbybothendogenousandextraneousproteinasesexcretedbymicrobeinfish[1].Beinganutritiousanddeliciouscondiment,fishsauceisenrichedwithaminoacids,organicacids,calcium,ironandotherminerals.InthelonghistoryinChina,theearliestrecordofprocessingoffishsaucecanbefoundinthebookof“Zhouli”,publishedinthethirdcentury[2].Atthemomenttheregionswherefishsauceisprocessedandcommonlyconsum…     

Detection of Grass Carp Hemorrhage Virus （GCHV） from Vietnam and Comparison with GCHV Strain from China

Grass carp plays an important role in small-scale aquaculture in Vietnam. However, a severe disease, known in Vietnam as “Red Spot Disease“, is causing significant economic loss in grass carp aquaculture. In this study, the tissue samples isolated from the grass carp with Red Spot Disease in Vietnam are investigated and eomparied with the control GCHV isolated in China by experimental infection, culture cell infection, serological cross reactivity, and RT-PCR amplifica-tion. Infected grass carp exhibits hemorrhage symptoms about 5 days after experimental injection with GCHV-V (Vietnam) strain. The symptoms and lethality induced by the GCHV-V strain are identical to that induced by the Chinese GCHV-9014 strain. The Chinese GCHV-873 strain in-duces typical cytopathogenic effects in 4 cell lines, such as CIK, CAB, FHM and GCO, from the6 fish cell lines examined. No cytopathogenic effects are observed in all the 6 examined cell lines,including CAB, FHM, CIK, EPC, CCO and G(X), infected by the GCHV-V strain and GCHV-9014 strain. Immunodiffusion assays demonstrate an obvious cross-reactivity among three GCHVstrains. Precipitin lines are clearly observed not only between the anti-GCHV-873 serum and thetwo strains GCHV-873 and GCHV-9014, but also between the anti-GCHV-873 serum and the GCHV-V strain. GCHV can be detected by immunodiffusion assays after three generations of blind propagations in the cell lines inoculated by GCHV-V strain. This implicates that GCHV-Vviruses have been replicated and amplified despite there being no cytopathogenic eifects observed in these examined cell lines. Three genome segments of GCHV, including S8, S9 and S10, are amplified by three sets of PCR primers designed according to the segment sequences published re-cently. The Q8fp and Q8rp primer set specific for genome segment S8 amplifies a 955 bp frag-ment from the extracted sample of diseased fish with Red Spot Disease, and the fragment size is i-dentical to that amplified by the same primer set from control GCHV-873 strain. Simultaneously,the Q9fp and Q9rp primer set specific for genome segment S9 generates a same 635 bp product,and the Q10fp and Q10rp primer set specific for genome segment S10 produces a same 697 bp fragment from both template samples of diseased fish with Red Spot Disease and control GCHV-873 strain. The RT-PCR amplification and corresponding size comparison data indicate that the three GCHV-V genome segments extracted from the diseased grass carp with Red Spot Disease in Vietnam should be identical to that in control GCHV-873 strain from China. The data confirm that the causative agent of grass carp Red Spot Disease in Vietnam is a virus, and the virus is closely similar to GCHV strain in China.     

不同冷冻贮藏温度对脆肉鲩冻结鱼片品质的影响

摘要：对脆肉鲩鱼片在不同冻藏温度条件（-18℃、-25℃、-30℃）下,理化感官指标的变化进行了研究。不同的冻藏温度对各理化指标有显著影响（P<0.05）,尤其是随着冻藏时间的延长,差异更明显。冻藏温度降低,脆肉鲩鱼片的汁液流失、蒸煮损失、TBA值和盐溶蛋白含量下降减少。经过冻藏的脆肉鲩鱼片,硬度显著增加,耐嚼性显著增加,回复性显著降低（P<0.05）。感官评价表明冻藏过程脆肉鲩鱼片的感官品质下降,采用较低的温度冻藏可以减少感官品质的变化,在-30℃下冻藏时可明显减缓该过程的发生。     

青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼和鳙鱼鱼头营养成分比较

对人工养殖的青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼鱼头常规营养成分含量、矿物质(铜、镁、锌、铁、钙)含量、氨基酸组成及含量进行了检测和分析,旨在比较四大家鱼鱼头营养价值.结果表明,总水分含量由高到低依次为鳙鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、草鱼;粗蛋白质含量由高到低依次为青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼;粗脂肪含量由高到低依次为草鱼、鲢鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼;粗灰分含量以及无氮浸出物含量由高到低均为鲢鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼、青鱼;能值由高到低则依次为草鱼、鲢鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼.矿物质铜和镁含量由高到低为草鱼、鲢鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼;锌含量由高到低为草鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼;铁含量由高到低为草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、青鱼;钙含量由高到低为草鱼、鲢鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼.总氨基酸量及必需氨基酸量由高到低均为青鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼.     

油炸鲢鱼块方便食品加工工艺研究

以低值淡水鱼类———鲢鱼为原料 ,探讨了醋酸处理、腌制、油炸、微波灭菌等工艺过程对油炸鲢鱼块方便食品的加工质量的影响 ,以期制作出一种口感优良、色泽优美的油炸方便食品     

鳙鱼人工繁殖群体遗传多样性的研究

运用40个随机引物对湖北荆州和广西昭平的两个鳙鱼（Aristchthys nobilis)人工繁殖群体进行了随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）分析。结果表明，两个鳙鱼人工繁殖群体内个体间的遗传相似度分别为0．9755和0．9797，Shanonn表型多样性指数分别为5．541和4．954；以所得RAPD数据分析为基础，对鳙鱼人工繁殖群体的遗传多样性进行了分析，对鳙鱼人工繁殖过程中的一些问题进行了讨论。