核果类果树组织培养及遗传转化的研究进展

从离体快速繁殖，花药培养，胚胎培养，花、果实、果肉等器官培养，原生质体培养以及遗传转化等方面对核果类果树的组织培养研究进展进行了综述，并就其研究及应用前景进行了讨论．     

虎耳草属两种虎耳草营养器官的组织解剖学鉴定

对虎耳草及三色虎耳草的形态特征及显微结构等方面进行了比较研究.结果表明:虎耳草的叶较小,近圆形,叶片宽阔肥厚,边缘圆齿状,深绿色,网状叶脉处有白色条纹,表皮细胞较小,表皮绒毛较多且长,叶柄细且长,葡匐茎,紫红色,颜色较浅,叶柄及叶内都有蔟晶分布,茎和叶柄内有较多淀粉,根内初生木质部呈六棱形.而三色虎耳草的叶较大,肾形,叶片较薄,近边缘处具乳白粉红斑宽边,翠绿色,背面有紫红色斑点,表皮细胞较大,表皮绒毛较少且短,叶柄粗且短,匍匐茎,紫红色,颜色较深,叶柄及叶内也有蔟晶分布,茎和叶柄内有很多淀粉粒,根内初生木质部呈三棱形.这些特征的比较为药材的开发和利用提供了科学依据.     

绞股蓝组培苗栽培试验研究

在广西植物研究所试验场进行绞股蓝[Gynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb.) Makino]组培苗栽培试验。试验以5个不同的绞股蓝类型(880 1、880 2、880 3、880 4、880 5 )组培苗和扦插苗分别按小区为单位进行栽培。每小区面积为6 .6 7m2 ,种植5 6株,株行距30 cm×4 0 cm,重复3～4次。观察绞股蓝组培苗的成活率和物候期,测定组培苗的生长量、产量以及绞股蓝皂甙的含量,筛选绞股蓝组培苗的最佳栽培密度。结果表明,绞股蓝组培苗的成活率为10 0 % ,物候期与扦插苗相同;组培苗绞股蓝皂甙含量为1.2 5 % ,与扦插苗的皂甙含量(1.3% )相似;适当密植可以提高绞股蓝组培苗单位面积产量,以行株距30 cm×4 0 cm为最佳;不同类型的组培苗产量不同,每小区鲜草产量8.2 7～2 0 .5 0 kg,以880 4类型产量最高。     

两面针的组织培养与快速繁殖

两面针为芸香科藤本植物,是我国常用的中草药之一,市场需求量大,对其进行组培研究有十分重要的经济价值和生态意义.本文报道了对两面针芽的诱导,试管苗的增殖以及生根的研究.目的:通过对两面针组织培养研究,诱导出无菌苗并建立两面针的无菌试管苗体系,为生产应用提供依据.方法:选用植株不同的部位作为外植体,接种于不同的培养基中进行对比实验,并从中筛选出较好的实验方案.实验结果:用带有腋芽的嫩茎作为外植体接种于MS附加5.0mg/LBA和0.5mg/LNAA的培养基中能较好地诱导出芽分化,并成功地进行试管苗的增殖和生根培养.     

菊花的组织培养研究

以菊花侧芽茎尖做外植体，通过二次表面灭菌，得到茎尖无菌培养物．根据长出丛生芽的芽数的多少，筛选出适合菊花茎尖离体培养的培养基．MS＋6-BA5．0mg／L＋NAA0．01mg/L的固体培养基适宜于诱导侧芽生长出丛生芽；丛生芽转入到MS＋6-BA3．0mg/L＋NAA0．01mg／L培养基上进行继代培养扩大增殖：取长2～3cm的芽苗在1／2MS＋NAA0．1mg/L培养基上生根并形成完整植株．     

Fiber-Based Chitosan Tubular Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering： Fabrication and in Vitro Evaluation

Porous, two-ply tubular chitosan conduits for guided tissue regeneration were fabricated by combining the textile technique （inner layer） with the thermally induced phase separation process （outer layer）. A hollow chitosan tube was prepared using an industrial warp knitting process with chitosan yarns. Then, an appropriate diameter mandrel was inserted into the pre-fabricated tube. The tube and the mandrel were dipped into the chitosan solution together, taken out, and freeze-dried. After being neutralized in alkaline solution and dried at room temperature, the mandrel was removed to create the chitosan tubular scaffold. Scanning electron micrographs show that the resulting tubes have a biphasic wall structure, with a fibrous inner layer and a semipermeable outer layer. The swelling properties and the mechanical strength before and after in vitro degradation were investigated. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was also investigated by co-culturing neuroblastoma cells （N2A, mouse） with the scaffolds. The results suggest that these chitosan tubular scaffolds are useful for the regeneration of tissues requiring a tubular scaffold.     

不同培养基对朱顶红愈伤组织诱导影响的研究

通过研究激素配比对朱顶红愈伤组织诱导,解决了外植体褐变问题。结果表明:朱顶红的培养条件为:温度25±1℃,光照16 h/d,光照强度3 000 lx 左右,pH 为5.6～5.8。愈伤组织诱导培养基以 MS NAA 1.0mg/L BA 2.0mg/L AC1.0mg/L 为好,30d 后启动率可达86.4%。     

Effects of space environment on biological characters of tissue cultured rose seedlings

Tissue cultured rose seedlings were carried into space by SHENZHOU-4 spacecraft and then used as the experimental material to investigate effects of the space environmental conditions on morphology, cytology, physiology and molecular biology of the seedlings. After loaded on the space flight, the plant's height, number of leaves, and fresh weight per seedling were all increased significantly compared to the ground controls. The content of chlorophyll was basically unchanged. In some cells, the ultrastructural changes involved twist, contraction and deformation of cell wall, curvature and loose arrangement of lamellae of some chloroplasts, and a significant increase in number of starch grains per chloroplast. In addition, the number of mitochondria increased, but some mitochondrial outer membrane broke, and some mitochondrial cristae disappeared. The activities of the defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalyse, in rose leaves increased and the content of malondialdehyde decreased. In the RAPD analysis with 40 10-mer primers, 36 primers generated 148 DNA bands from both of the space flight treated seedlings and the ground controls, and five primers amplified polymorphic products. The rate of DNA variation was 6.34%.     

数字近景摄影测量在面部软组织测量中的应用

为利用近景摄影测量进行面部软组织三维测量和重建，首先建立了一个小型室内三维控制场，解算出数字相机的内外方位元素，同时选择了多值二次曲面进行了相机的像差校正，以提高像点坐标的量算精度。以直接线性变换为基础开发了数字近景摄影测量系统，使人体颅面软组织的三维测量精度高，方法简便实用，成本低。采用带约束条件的Delaunay三角网算法生成DEM数据，利用OpenGL和VC混合编程读取DEM数据，生成面部软组织的三维模型，实现三维模型的重建。重建的面部具有很强的直观性和真实性，为口腔正畸学提供面部软组织的诊断和研究提供了有效的方法。     

八宝景天的组织培养与快速繁殖

本研究以为大叶红景天叶片为外植体，研究了影响愈伤诱导、芽诱导、生根的主要因素．结果表明：八宝景天叶片切块诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA2mg／L＋NAAl．0mg/L，诱导率达93．3％；附加2mg/L6-BA＋0．1mg/LNAA的MS培养基有利于芽的分化和增殖，每个外植体分化形成的再生小植株数可达到22．4个；在1/2MS＋IBAl.0mg/L的培养基中100％生根，且根系发达．