Effects of cooling rate and Al on MnS formation in medium-carbon non-quenched and tempered steels

The effect of Al on the morphology of MnS in medium-carbon non-quenched and tempered steel was investigated at three different cooling rates of 0.24, 0.43, and 200℃·s-1. The formation mechanisms of three types of MnS were elucidated based on phase diagram information combined with crystal growth models. The morphology of MnS is governed by the precipitation mode and the growth conditions. A monotectic reaction and subsequent fast solidification lead to globular Type I MnS. Type II MnS inclusions with different morphological characteristics form as a result of a eutectic reaction followed by the growth in the Fe matrix. Type III MnS presents a divorced eutectic morphology. At the cooling rate of 0.24℃·s-1, the precipitation of dispersed Type III MnS is significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.044wt% acid-soluble Al (Al_s), while Type II MnS clusters prefer to form in steels with either 0.034wt% or 0.052wt% Al_s. At the relatively higher cooling rates of 200℃·s-1 and 0.43℃·s-1, the formation of Type I and Type II MnS inclusions is promoted, and the influence of Al is negligible. The results of this work are expected to be employed in practice to improve the mechanical properties of non-quenched and tempered steels.     

Morphology,size and distribution of MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel during heat treatment

This article reports the morphology, size, and distribution evolution of MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel during heat treatment. The variation of single large-sized MnS inclusions at high temperature was observed in situ using a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM). The slender MnS inclusions first changed to pearl-like strings. These small-sized pearls subsequently coalesced and became closer together as the temperature increased. Large-sized MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel samples with different thermal histories were investigated with respect to the evolution of their morphology, size, and distribution. After 30 min of ovulation at 1573 K, the percentage of MnS inclusions larger than 3 μm decreased from 50.5% to 3.0%. After a 3 h soaking period, Ostwald ripening occurred. Most MnS inclusions moved from the grain boundaries to the interior. The present study demonstrates that heat treatment is an effective method of changing the morphology, size, and distribution of MnS inclusions, especially large-sized ones.     

上海大气中气相和颗粒相羰基化合物研究

 为探究大气中羰基化合物的质量浓度水平及变化规律, 利用滤膜系统(FP)同时采集大气中颗粒相和气相羰基化合物, FP系统由3 层47 mm 滤膜组成, 其中, 第1 层滤膜用于收集颗粒相羰基化合物, 第2 层和第3 层滤膜涂布五氟苄基羟胺(PFBHA)衍生剂, 用于收集气相羰基化合物。PFBHA 的涂布量为12 μmol、采样流速4 L/min, 每个样品采集4 h。采集后的样品用正己烷提取。利用该方法对上海市大气中的羰基化合物进行研究, 结合气相色谱/质谱仪(GC/MS), 分析大气中羰基化合物浓度的日变化、季节变化以及气相-颗粒相分配规律。研究结果表明:1)上海市大气中15 种目标化合物均能检测到, 包括13 种单羰基化合物和2 种二羰基化合物;2)上海大气中羰基化合物具有明显的日变化和季节变化, 气相羰基化合物的浓度在中午达到最大值, 颗粒相则相反;夏季羰基化合物的总质量浓度((33.8±15.9)μg/m³)显著高于冬季和春季(分别为(10.5±5.0)和(14.0±7.0)μg/m³);3)羰基化合物的气粒分配规律表现为与温度呈正相关、与相对湿度呈负相关。本研究表明, FP 系统可替代AD-FP(环形溶蚀器-滤膜系统)同时采集大气中气相和颗粒相中的羰基化合物, 易于携带, 为羰基化合物的野外观测提供便利。     

Dual effects of sodium sulfide on the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite: I. Effect of pulp potential

This study explores the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite in the presence of different concentrations of sodium sulfide (Na₂S·9H₂O) at pH 12 under controlled potential conditions. It was observed that the flotation of chalcopyrite is not depressed completely when the pulp potential is low, even at high concentrations of sodium sulfide, i.e., 10?1–10?2 mol/L. However, a partial and controlled oxidation of pulp does enhance the effectiveness of sodium sulfide on the depression of chalcopyrite. Characterization of the chalcopyrite particle surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allowed the identification of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface species, which are responsible for the depression and flotation of chalcopyrite. Changes in pulp potential were found to be an effective float controlling parameter, by which Na2S can be used to initiate or depress the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite.     

多相催化羰基液相MPV还原为羟基的研究进展

综述多相催化羰基液相MPV还原为羟基的研究进展．     

普光高含硫气田长效环空保护液的研究与应用

针对高含硫气井环空特殊的腐蚀环境,结合普光气田油、套管管材使用情况,通过大量性能评价实验,开发出一套以复合有机酸盐为基液,添加高抗硫缓蚀剂、除硫剂、除氧剂、杀菌剂等添加剂的适应于高含硫气田的长效环空保护液体系.该体系密度在1.03～1.40 g/m3间可调,具有稳定性强、配伍性佳、杀菌效果好、耐高温、抗污染、防硫化氢、可回收利用等特点.目前该产品已用于普光气田多口气井生产,油、套管管材缓蚀率达到95%以上,表明该体系可完全满足普光高含硫气井长期安全生产,同时该产品的成功应用也为我国同类气田开发中的防腐工作提供了有益的借鉴.     

硫化镉纳米粒子的水相制备及光催化降解罗丹明B

以氯化镉为镉源,硫代氨基脲为硫源,在水相中通过沉淀法制备出硫化镉纳米颗粒,并对其进行表征.以光催化降解罗丹明B作为探针反应,评价其光催化降解活性.结果表明：该制备方法简单易行,所得纳米粒子具有良好的光催化活性.     

乙二醇双子琥珀酸2-甲基戊基酯磺酸钠的合成及性能

采用酯化反应无需有机溶剂为介质、以碳基固体酸作酯化反应催化剂、磺化反应不外加相转移催化剂在常压下反应的新方法合成了乙二醇双子琥珀酸2-甲基戊基酯磺酸钠,最佳工艺条件为：单酯化反应,n（乙二醇）：n（顺酐）：l_00：2．10,催化剂碳基固体酸用量为顺酐质量的2％,于100℃反应4．7h,酯化率99．02％（质量分数）;双酯化反应。n（2-甲基-l-戊醇）：n（顺酐）=1-30：1．00,于210℃反应1．2h,酯化率95．34％（质量分数）;磺化反应,n（亚硫酸氢钠）：n（顺酐）：1．05：1．00。于油浴120℃反应3．2h,磺化率100．64％（质量分数）．对产物结构进行了IR光谱表征,测定了产物性能：CMC为2．5×10。mol／L,7cMc为27．79mN／m,乳化力为11．5min,渗透力为6s,耐硬水力为13．5min．比较了碳基固体酸和无水乙酸钠、对甲苯磺酸对酯化反应的催化效果,结果表明：碳基固体酸对酯化反应的催化效果好．且易于分离．     

红外热像技术探测硫化矿石自燃火源的影响因素及其解决方法

红外热像技术已成为火源探测的一种新方法,但其应用于井下自燃火源探测的实际操作中还存在许多不足。为了准确、快速地获取自燃矿石表面的温度场,初步探讨了发射率、感温距离、背景噪声、井下环境及热像仪稳定性等因素对探测结果的影响。通过试验,确定了硫化矿石表面的热发射率和使用IRI-1011热像仪探测系统测温时的合理距离。试验结果表明。硫化矿石表面的热发射率E=0．88;常温下10m探测范围内,随着探测距离的增大,感温误差明显增大;热源温度一定时,3m、4m距离的感温误差几乎呈线性增大;热源温度T〉50℃时,2m距离的感温误差趋于稳定。在试验基础上,采用数据拟合的方法,建立了热像仪感温与矿石表面实际温度间的定量关系。现场应用证明该研究结果实际可行。     

硫化氢对白桦悬浮细胞中多胺和次生代谢物积累的影响

【目的】分析硫化氢(H₂S)对白桦悬浮细胞中多胺含量和次生代谢物积累的影响。【方法】将不同浓度的H₂S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)添加到白桦悬浮培养体系中,采用高效液相色谱法和比色法分析不同形态的多胺含量、多胺合成酶和分解酶活性以及黄酮、多酚和三萜等次生代谢物含量。【结果】 NaHS处理后白桦悬浮细胞中总多胺含量呈先增加后降低趋势,其中1 mmol/L NaHS处理24 h时腐胺和亚精胺总含量达最高值,分别比对照增加了30.51%和12.37%; 除高氯酸不溶性结合态亚精胺外,NaHS处理后白桦悬浮细胞中游离态、高氯酸可溶性结合态和不溶性结合态腐胺和亚精胺含量均有不同程度的增加; 同样,NaHS处理后多胺合成酶(ADC)和多胺分解酶(PAO)活性基本呈增加趋势,增加幅度分别为15.91%～26.33%和137.50%～250.12%; 1 mmol/L NaHS与不同浓度的腐胺、亚精胺和精胺分别处理悬浮细胞,不同程度地提高了白桦悬浮细胞中多酚、黄酮和三萜含量。其中,5 mmol/L 腐胺与NaHS共同处理后白桦悬浮细胞中多酚、黄酮和三萜含量达最大值,分别比NaHS单独处理增加了26.69%、13.22%和 4.55%。【结论】H₂S处理提高了白桦悬浮细胞中多胺和次生代谢物含量,H₂S与多胺共同处理可进一步促进次生代谢物的累积。